Obujulizi bw'Ab'oluganda obuwakanya Ebitabo eby'Obulimba, Ennyimba, n'Obukugu bw'Ebifaananyi

Ekintu ekirala ekyayimusibwa mu Kibuuzo kye kimu Ekyokusatu kyatuleetera obuzibu obutali butono: ekibuuzo eky'oba nga Ab'oluganda baali beegendereza okulera abaana baabwe mu “kusoma Ebyawandiikibwa Ebitukuvu emirundi mingi, n'okubaziyiza okusoma ebitabo ebyonoona.” Ebitabo byonna eby'engero ez'obulimba (fiction) eby'engeri zonna byatwalibwa Ab'oluganda ab'ennaku ezo nga “byonoona.” Ku nsonga eno, maama waffe yali munywevu nnyo, era tetwakkirizibwa kusoma na ngero ez'essomero lya Ssande ezitaliimu kabi n'akamu era ezaalondebwa n'obwegendereza. Ku by'ebitabo bya novello, ekigambo kyennyini kyatwalibwa nga kibi, era na leero sikozesa kigambo kyo awatali kuwulira okumpi n'okwewaliriza okw'obujeemu, ng'ekintu kye nkola mu bugenderevu ekitali kituufu.

Bwe twagenda tukula, olukoba lwaggwaamu obunywevu mu ngeri ey'obutonde, era bwe twatuuka ku myaka egyatusobozesa okutwala obulamu bwaffe mu ngalo zaffe katono, oluusi twali tuggya essanyu ery'entiisa mu katabo k'engero ke twali twazze eri omu ku mikwano gyaffe egy'oku ssomero. Ekimu ku ebyo bye njijukira ennyo kwe kuseera okw'engeri eyo, ekyeyongera okukwata mu mutima kubanga gwe gwali omulundi ogusooka lwe nagumira okulya olw'obuggya n'obuvumu ekibala ekyaziyizibwa.

Kyali kya mu ttumbi ku Lunaku olusooka (Ssande), nga tewali kintu kya maanyi ekyali kigenda mu maaso. Nnali nzee akatabo eri omu ku baali tuyiga naye, eyali antegeezezza nti “kalungi nnyo,” ne ntwala akatabo — n'essowaani ey'amaapo n'omugaati gwa gingerbread — ne nneegalika ku ludda olw'ebweru olw'ekitanda kyange okusoma n'okulya nga mwetegefu.

Olugero lwe nnasoma ku lunaku olwo, mu mbeera ennungi bwe ntyo, lwandaga ng'olwansembeza okumpi ennyo n'essanyu ettuufu lye nnali sinnaba kufuna, era lubeera mu kujjukira kwange ng'olumu ku nnaku ez'essanyu ennyingi mu bulamu bwange. Akatabo kaali The Earl's Daughter akaawandiikibwa Grace Aguilar. Mu ndowooza yange ento ey'Omukwakeri Omunnamerika, Earl yali kintu kya ngeri ya malayika omukulu okusinga omuntu owa bulijjo, era okuba muwala wa Earl kyali kumpi n'okuba muwala w'eggulu. Era na leero — newankubadde okwolesebwa amazima gonna obulamu kwe bunkoze ku by'ab'ekitiibwa (earls) ne bawala baabwe — okuwulira okw'edda okw'ekitiibwa ekyajjuza emmeeme yange okutya ku ttumbi ly'olunaku olwo olusooka edda, buli lwe kudda okumala akaseera buli earls oba ba countess lwe boogerwako mu maaso gange.

Naye newankubadde nga nnasanyukira olugero luno n'engero endala nnyo, bulijjo kyali kigenda n'omuntu ow'omunda ateganyizibwa, era kyantwalira emyaka amakumi ataano okwerugulula okuwulira nti okusoma ekintu kyonna eky'obulimba (fiction) kwali kibi.

Ekitabo kyange eky'ebyafaayo bya buli lunaku (diary) kijjudde okulwanagana kwe nnayitamu olw'ekintu kino, era bwe mbisoma kaakano, sisobola butasaasira nnyo emmeeme envuyu, etamanyi era ento ennaku ennyingi eyabonyaabonyezebwa olw'omuze ogutaggwaawo ogw'okufuula okwewummuza okutaliiko kabi n'akatono okuba ekyonoono eky'empisa.

Ekyanzikkula ku nkomerero kwe kutegeera okwa mangu nti Mukama waffe yennyini yakozesanga bulijjo engero ez'okugerageranya (parables) — nga zo ngero buli — okunnyonnyola n'okunyweza okuyigiriza kwe. N'olwekyo, ebitabo eby'obulimba (fiction) mu byo byennyini tebyali, nga bwe nnali ndowooza bulijjo, kigambo kimu na kibi. Omutindo gwabyo ogw'empisa gwali gwesigamye ku ngeri ya fiction eyo gye yali, era emirundi mingi, fiction yasangibwanga ng'eyamba nnyo eri obutuukirivu.

Naye mmanyi Ab'oluganda bangi abaabonyaabonyezebwa okusalira okw'omwoyo ku nsonga eno okutuusa mu bukadde bwabwe.

Ennyimba yali nsonga endala Ab'oluganda ab'omu biseera byange gye baali balina obujulizi obw'amaanyi ennyo. Mu Discipline ey'e Philadelphia ey'omwaka 1873, nnasangamu ebigambo bino ku nsonga eyo, ebiraga bulungi endowooza y'Abakwakeri: “Tuddamu okulabula abantu baffe bonna obuteenyigira mu nnyimba, oba okubeera n'ebivuga mu mayumba gaabwe, nga tukkiriza nti omuze ogwo guleeta endowooza ennyangu era ey'obutaliimu, era gwesimattula ku kufumiitiriza okw'amaanyi okusaanira omuntu ateekwa okubalirwa, eyanguyiriza okutuuka ku kubalibwa kwe okw'enkomerero.… Omwoyo n'olulimi lwa Discipline biziyiza Ab'oluganda okukozesa ennyimba, awatali kuggyako na kimu ne ku lw'eyo eyitibwa entukuvu.… Abantu abo abeenyigira mu kukozesa ennyimba, oba abalina ebivuga mu mayumba gaabwe, beeteeka mu kussibwa mu nkola kw'olwo olw'okubiri olwa Discipline.… Era bwe bataliba bakomezebwa mu kufuba okulala, ne basobola okwenenya ebikolwa byabwe ebibi ne kimalira olukuŋŋaana, luteekwa okugenda mu maaso okulaga obutakwatagana bwaffe nabo.”

Discipline yagonderwa n'obunywevu bungi nnyo ku nsonga eno, ne sijjukira, mu buto bwange, muntu n'omu mu kibiina kyaffe ekironde eyalina ekivuga kya ngeri yonna, okusingira ddala piano, eyatwalibwa ng'esinga zonna okuba “ey'amasanyu ag'ensi.” Buli lwe nneesanga mu kisenge ekirimu piano, nneewulira ng'alinnyirira ku nsalo z'omuliro ogutazikira ddala.

Okumala emyaka mingi nga mmaze okuba omukazi, saawuliranga nnyimba wonna awatali kuwulira okwakisirise, okumu okuwoomerera, okw'okukomba ku kibala ekyaziyizibwa. N'okuyimba oba okufuuwa oluwa kyalabirwanga bubi. Nzijukira olulala, ekibinja ky'abavubuka Ab'oluganda bwe baali bamaze ekiseera eky'oluwummula olw'ekyeya awamu mu Newport, Owooluganda omukulu omwagalwa yatuyita mu kisenge kye n'atugamba n'obuzito nti yali anakuwadde nnyo okuwulira abamu ku ffe nga tufuuwa oluwa mu nnimiro ku lunaku olwayita, era yali asuubira nga tetuliddayo kumenya bujulizi bwa Ab'oluganda bwe kityo.

Nti Discipline ku nsonga eno teyali kigambo bugambo kikakasibwa ekituufu nti, bwe nnakula, era obujulizi buno bwe bwatandika okufiirwa amaanyi gaabwo ku bantu abatali ba “kufaayo” nnyo, nnamanya emisango egiwera Ab'oluganda — newankubadde nga mu bulala baali ba kulabirako — mwe baagobebwa mu kibiina olw'okubeera na piano mu maka gaabwe.

Era ng'ekiseera kya vvumbe nga 1865, bwe twagabira mutabani waffe Frank ekivuga ekya organ eky'omu nnyumba (tetwagumira kumuwa piano, nga twesanga nti organ zaali za “bwangu” okusingako), twalina okugikweka mu kimu ku bisenge eby'engulu eby'ennyumba okwewala okunyiiza abaganda baffe Abakwakeri.

Sirijjerawo kwewuunya kwange bwe nnasooka okutegeera nti ebivuga tebyakkirizibwa kyokka mu Baibuli, naye nga ddala twalagirwa okubikozesa. Olunaku olumu, nga nsoma Zabbuli, saali kumpi kukkiriza maaso gange bwe nnatuuka ku Zabbuli 150: “Mutendereze Mukama. Mumutendereze n'eddoboozi ly'ekkondeere; mumutendereze n'entongooli n'ennanga. Mumutendereze n'ebitaasa n'amazina; mumutendereze n'enkoba n'ebilere.” Sso siwuliranga Owooluganda ng'annyonnyola engeri gye baawoleza okuggya amaaso ku kino.

“Obwangu” (Plainness), mu biseera byange, era bwaggyamu ebifaananyi wonna okuggyako mu bitabo. Tewaali Mukwakeri wa kitiibwa eyandiwanikidde ebifaananyi ku bbugwe, so tebaawuliranga nga baddembeddwa okukwatibwa ebifaananyi byabwe. N'ebifaananyi ebiyitibwa daguerreotypes, bwe byasooka okulabika, byatwalibwa nga “bya masanyu ag'ensi” Ab'oluganda bonna abaali ddala “abanywevu.” Nzikiriza nti endowooza yali nti okuba n'ekifaananyi kye kiyinza okusiikuula amalala. Era olw'ensonga ezitategeerekeka bulungi, ebifaananyi oba ebibumbe byawulirwanga nga bya kabi mu by'omwoyo — bikemo eby'okusinza ebifaananyi (idolatry). Nnakulira nga nzikiriza nnyo nti kyali kibi okukyala mu ffumbiro ly'eby'obugenyi (art gallery) oba okutunuulira ekifaananyi ekibumbe (statue).

Nzijukira bulungi, nga nnina emyaka nga kkumi na musanvu, bwe nnesumulula okuva mu mpisa zonna ez'okulerebwa kwange ne ŋŋenda — omutima gwange nga gukuba ng'oyo agenda ku kizibu eky'obulabe era ekibi — mu Academy of Fine Arts mu Philadelphia. Waaliwo ekibumbe eky'amayinja ag'omu marumba (marble) ekya Hero ne Leander, era Leander yali tayambadde bulungi. Nkyeraba nga nnyimiridde mu maaso gaakyo, omutima gwange nga guli mu mimiro, nga njogera munda nti, “Ndowooza nja kugenda butereevu mu muliro ogutazikira olw'ekino, naye siyinza kukyewala. Bwe kinnaka okugenda, ka ngende —, naye nnaatunuulira ekifaananyi kino.” Tewali bigambo bisobola kunnyonnyola engeri gye nneewuliramu nga ndi mwonoonyi omuvumu ennyo. Era nzijukira obulungi okwewuunya kwange okwesanga oluvannyuma nga nnyimiridde awatali kabi mu Broad Street, awatali kutuukwako kabi, awatali kukwatibwa omusango ogw'amangu ogw'Omutonzi eyanyiizibwa.

Nkyasobola okulaba ekibumbe ekyo eky'amayinja obulungi ennyo, okusinga ekibumbe kyonna kye ndabye okuva olwo.

Newankubadde nga nzuunya oba kaakano kyandifudde ekikolwa ky'obukugu eky'ekitiibwa, kibadde mu kujjukira kwange ng'entikko y'ebikolwa by'obugenyi byonna, kubanga kyali kabonero ak'okununulwa kwange okuyingira mu nsi eteategeerekeka n'akatono. Tewali kabi na kamu ekyantuukako, era mpolampola ne nfuna obuvumu obw'okweyongerayo, okutuusa lwe nnayiga nti ekirabo eky'obukugu bw'ebifaananyi kirabo kya Katonda ddala nga bwe kiri ekirabo eky'okubala (mathematics), noolwekyo tekiyinza kuba kibi okukikuza. Era mpolampola Ab'oluganda nabo ne bakiyiga; okusalira okw'edda okuwakanya obukugu bw'ebifaananyi n'ennyimba kumaze kuggwaawo ddala.

Obujulizi obulala obwali mu “bwangu bw'ebyambalo” mu buto bwange bwali obwo obuwakanya ebirevu.

Empisa za Ab'oluganda bwe zaasooka okunywera, obwenyi obumwole bwe bwali ennono eya bonna. N'olwekyo, okusinziira ku musingi ogw'obutagoberera nnono z'ensi ezikyukakyuka, ebirevu bwe byatandika okwagalibwa, Abakwakeri ne banywerera ku bwenyi obumwole. Ennono ey'ebirevu bwe yeeyongera okunywera, obukwakkulizo bw'Abakwakeri ne bweyongera okunywera, okutuusa — mpolampola, awatali nsonga ntuufu gye nnali mpuliddeko — bwe bwafuuka “obujulizi obw'eddiini.” Bwe nnazaalibwa, bwali bumu ku bunywevu obusinga.

Nzijukira bulungi omulundi ogusooka lwe nnalaba “omubuulizi” nga alina ekirevu. Yali Owooluganda eyali akyaze okuva mu Bungereza, gye baali abatali banywevu nnyo. Naye newankubadde ekitiibwa kyange ekingi eri Ab'oluganda Abangereza, ekirevu kye kyandabikira bulungi nga kabonero ka Omubi ne nga mpulira nga kumpi kibi okuwuliriza okubuulira kwe. Mu Nkuŋŋaana eziwera “enywevu,” yagaanibwa okuyingira mu gallery olw'ekirevu kye, era nzijukira bulungi okweraliikirira okunene okwalagibwa Abakadde ab'e Philadelphia ku bujulizi buno obw'ennaku obw'“okwewuubaala okwa mpolampola okw'omwoyo gw'ensi mu Lukuŋŋaana olwa buli mwaka olw'e London.”

Obujulizi buno obuwakanya ebirevu, nzikiriza nti, buli bumu — newankubadde oboolwa ensonga ez'enjawulo — eri bakabona Abakatoliki n'abasumba ab'ekitongole ekya High Church eky'Ekkanisa y'e Bungereza. Naye Ab'oluganda baabuvaako edda ennyo, awamu n'obujulizi obulala bungi obunywevu obw'obwana bwange. Bakyakolera mu bugerekere mu byambalo ne mu njogera, ne mu kuteekateeka amaka gaabwe ne mu nteekateeka y'obulamu bwabwe; naye abasinga baaleka endowooza yonna nti engeri ey'enjawulo ey'okusala engoye oba okuziyiza ebirabo eby'obutonde mu byawandiikibwa, obukugu bw'ebifaananyi, oba ennyimba kyetaagisa okusiimibwa Katonda.

Naye omuntu tayinza butasiima kunywerera okw'amaanyi ku ekyo kye baali bakkiririza mu bwesimbu nti kyali mulimu gwa ddini, newankubadde kaakano kye kirabika gye tuli ng'ekyensobi, okwaliraga abatukuvu abo ab'edda abaagalwa.