Ebyafaayo n'okubuulira kwa John Chrysostom

Bwe yali akyali mulamu tebaamuyita Chrysostom. Erinnya lino lya Luyonaani, litegeeza omumwa ogwa zaabu, era Ekkanisa yamuwa lyo oluvannyuma, kubanga okumala emyaka kkumi n'omukaaga mu Antioch n'omukaaga mu Constantinople abantu baajjuza amakanisa okuwuliriza omusajja omutono, omukovvu, era eyeefiiriza, ng'annyonnyola Bayibuli olunyiriri ku lunyiriri, era tebaakoowanga kumuwuliriza. Ye mubuulizi asinga bonna Ekkanisa ey'edda be yakuza. Era ye mubuulizi gwe yagoba mu buwaŋŋanguse, n'amutwala mu lugendo olw'okufa okuyita mu Asia Minor, ate n'oluvannyuma, ng'emyaka amakumi asatu mu gumu giyiseewo, n'amuzza eka mu kitiibwa.

Yazaalirwa mu Antioch nga AD 347. Kitaawe Secundus, eyali omukungu mu ggye lya Suuli, yafa nga akyali mwana muto. Nnyina Anthusa yasigala nnamwandu ng'aweza emyaka amakumi abiri, n'agaana buli eyamusaba okumufumbirwa, era n'akuza mutabani we ne muwala we yekka. Yakikola bulungi ennyo ne kirabikira buli muntu, olwo omwogezi ow'abakaafiiri asingira ddala mu mulembe ogwo, Libanius, bwe yawulira ebimukwatako, n'aleekaana nti: Laba, abakazi ab'ekitalo nga bwe basangibwa mu Bakristaayo!

Omuwozi eyadduka

Anthusa yawa mutabani we okuyigirizibwa okusinga obulungi ssente kwe zaasobola okugula, kwe kugamba Libanius yennyini. John ye yali omuyizi we asinga bonna. Yayingira mu mbuga z'amateeka, omuwozi omulungi gye yandyambuse okutuuka ku kifo kya prefect oba consul, era ng'ye yennyini bwe yakyogerako, yagwenkanira ddala mu bulamu obwo: yali, bwe yagamba, atassubwa mu mbuga z'amateeka, era ng'anyumirwa nnyo eby'amazannyo.

Naye tekyawangaala. Ekyakimenya kwe kwonoona okwa bulijjo okw'omulimu ogwo — okukkiriza empeera olw'okufuula ensonga embi okulabika ennungi — kye yalowooza ng'okukkiriza empeera ya Setaani. Yabatizibwa mu myaka gye egy'amakumi abiri egisooka, era n'ayagala okugenda amangwago eri abamonaki abaali ku nsozi. Nnyina n'amuziyiza. Yamutwala mu kisenge mwe yazaalirwa, n'amutuuza ku ludda lw'ekitanda, n'amusaba ekintu kimu: obutamufuula nnamwandu omulundi ogwokubiri.

Yasigala. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, ennyumba n'agifuula ekifo ky'abamonaki, ng'alya bitono era emirundi mitono, era emmere ennyangu yokka, ng'asula wansi ku ttaka, ng'agolokoka mu kiro okusaba, era ng'asirika obutakoma alyoke amalewo empisa ey'okwogera obubi ku bantu. Mikwano gye emikadde egy'omu mbuga baamuyita eyeewala abantu era eyennyamira. Anthusa bwe yamala okufa, olwo n'agenda ku nsozi, era eyo, mu myaka ena wansi w'omumonaki omukadde Omusuuli, n'emyaka ebiri emirala ng'ali yekka mu mpuku, n'ayonoona obulamu bwe olubeerera. Olubuto lwe n'ensigo ze tebyaddamu kuwona. Yakomawo mu Antioch nga mulwadde, era n'asigala bw'atyo mu bulamu bwe bwonna obwasigalawo.

Oluvannyuma lw'ebbanga ddene, Libanius, ng'ali kumpi n'okufa, bwe baamubuuza gwe yandyagadde okumusikira, bagamba nti yaddamu nti: John, singa Bakristaayo tebaamutubbako.

Bwe yafuulibwa dikoni mu 381 ne presbiteri mu 386, n'atandika okubuulira, era ekibuga ne kizuula kye baalina. Yayita mu bitabo bya Bayibuli byonna nga bwe bidda obulubada, ng'akwata amakulu ag'olwatu, ng'agaana engero ez'obubonero we zitali zetaagisa, ate ng'akyuka amangu okuva mu kunnyonnyola n'adda ku bantu abaali mu maaso ge: ku ssente zaabwe, ku baddu baabwe, ku kugenda kwabwe mu by'amazannyo, ne ku ngeri gye baayisangamu abaavu. Akaluubirira nnyo ku by'obugagga era ng'ayagala nnyo abaavu ddala, era ne bwe wayiseewo emyaka lukumi mu lukaaga, obunyiikaavu bw'aleeta tebunnaweddemu.

Omwaka ekibuga lwe kyasuubira okuzikirira

Mu biseera bya spring, mu 387, omusolo omuggya ne guleeta akeegugungo mu Antioch, era ekibiina ky'abantu ne kikola ekintu ekimu ekitasonyiyibwa: baawanula ebifaananyi eby'ekikomo eby'omukama Theodosius ne babiwalulira mu nguudo, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebifaananyi bya mukyala we eyafa ne bya batabani be. Ekibuga bwe kyeddamu amagezi ne kitegeera nti kiyinza okuzikirizibwa. Ebibuga ebirala byali bimaze okuzikirizibwa bwe kityo.

Mu ntiisa eyo, Chrysostom yabuulira ebibuulirwa amakumi abiri mu kimu mu kiseera kya Lent, ze Homilies on the Statues, ng'omulabirizi Flavian agenze okwegayirira omukama ye kennyini. Bino bye bibuulirwa by'omusumba eyanywezanga ekibiina ky'abakkiriza ekyali mu kutya buli lunaku, ng'akyukakyuka wakati w'okubudaabuda n'okulagira okw'empisa okutakoma.

Okuva mu myaka egyo egy'omu Antioch mwe muva n'ekitabo kye ekikwata ku bwakabona, ekyawandiikibwa nga mboozi n'omukwano gwe Basil, era kikyali ekitabo ekinoonyereza ennyo okusinga ebirala ku buweereza obw'obusumba Ekkanisa ey'edda kye yakola. Endowooza yaakyo eri nti omulimu guzitowa nnyo, era emmeeme y'oyo agukola eri mu bulabe bungi, n'olwekyo okugudduka kuyinza okuba eky'amagezi okusingira ddala, era ekitabo kyawandiikibwa omuntu eyali agudduseeko ye kennyini.

Bwe yatwalibwa mu kibuga ekikulu

Mu 397 ekifo ky'obulabirizi mu Constantinople ne kifuuka kyereere, era John n'alondebwa nga tabuuziddwa. Baamuggya mu Antioch ng'akuumibwa abaserikale, okuziyiza ekibiina obutakuluusana, era n'ayawulibwa mu February 398 Theophilus ow'e Alexandria, eyali ayagala ekifo ekyo kiweebwe omuntu we gwe yali yeerondeddemu, era ataamusonyiwa emirembe gyonna.

Mu ndowooza y'ab'omu lubiri, okulondebwa kwe kwali kwa kabi, ekyo kye kigamba nti ye yali omutuufu. Yakendeeza ku nsimbi z'ennyumba y'obulabirizi okutuusa lwe zaggwaawo, era n'atunda ebintu eby'omu lubiri n'effeeza y'ekkanisa okuzimba amalwaliro. Yakangavvula abakabona abaali beeyagaza. Yabuulira mu kibuga ekikulu nga bwe yali abuulidde mu Antioch, ku by'okwemalira, omululu, n'abaavu, mu kibuga nga ennyumba ya nnabagereka Eudoxia mwe byonna ebisatu byabeereranga. Baamulabula. Naye n'aweeyongera, era mu kiseera ekimu n'abuulira ekibuulirwa ku Jezebel, ekyo tewaali n'omu mu lubiri eyakirowoozaako ng'okwekenneenya kw'ebyafaayo byokka.

Mu 403 Theophilus n'ajja n'abakuumi n'essanduuko y'ebirabo, n'akuŋŋaanya abalabirizi amakumi asatu mu mukaaga, abasinga obungi nga b'e Misiri, mu kitundu ekiriraanye ekibuga emitala wa Bosphorus, era n'aleetera Chrysostom okuggyibwa ku bufuzi nga taliiwo ku misango amakumi abiri mu mwenda, omuli obukaba, obulyake, okulya yekka, n'okuyita nnabagereka Jezebel. Yagaana okulabika mu mbuga eyali ejjuvu, era ekibonerezo bwe kyajja teyakkiriza kibuga kimulwanirire: ekigambo kimu kyandireeseewo obujeemu, n'awaayo yekka eri abaserikale.

Naye wadde bwe kityo, Constantinople n'esasaana. Abantu ne bazingiza olubiri; ekiro ekyo musisi n'akankanya ekibuga, n'atiisa Eudoxia n'okwegayirira bba amuzzeewo. Ababaka ne bagenda n'okwetonda, obwato obutono bungi ne buvuga okumusisinkana, Bosphorus n'ejjula ettabaaza n'okuyimba, era abantu ne bamusitula ne bamutwala mu kkanisa ne bamuwaliriza okubuulira. Kyamala emyezi mitono.

Bwe nnagobebwa okuva mu kibuga, saatya n'akatono, naye ne njogera nze nnyini nti: Nnabagereka bw'aba ayagala okunfuumuula, kale akikole; ensi ya Mukama. Bw'aba ayagala okunsalasala n'emisumeeno, nnina Isaiah okuba ekyokulabirako. Bw'aba asaba omutwe gwange, kale akikole; John Omubatiza amasamasa mu maaso gange. Nnali bwereere bwe nnava mu lubuto lwa mmange, era bwereere bwe ndiva mu nsi eno.

— John Chrysostom, mu bbaluwa eri Omulabirizi Cyriacus

Ekkubo eritwala e Comana

Obuwaŋŋanguse obwokubiri, mu 404, bwe bwali obw'enkomerero. Yaweerezebwa e Cucusus ku nsozi z'e Armenia, era ng'ali eyo n'aweeyongera okuwandiika: ebbaluwa nnyingi eri mikwano gye, na waggulu w'ebyo, kkumi na musanvu eri Olympias, nnamwandu omuvubuka omugagga eyali afuuse dikoni omukazi n'agaba obugagga bwe bwonna, era kaakano ng'anakuwadde nnyo era nga mulwadde. Ku bubwe yamuwandiikira ekitabo ekiwakanya nti tewali n'omu ayinza kutuusibwako kabi wabula ye yennyini.

Eudoxia, nga tannamatira, n'aziyiza okuwandiikiragana era n'alagira aweerezebwe e Pityus ku Caucasus, ekifo ekisinga obubi mu bwakabaka bwonna. Abakuumi baatwala omusajja omulwadde ow'emyaka nkaaga ng'atambula n'ebigere okumala emyezi esatu. Teyatuukayo. Ku lunaku olwa 14 September 407, nga waseeyo mayiro ttaano oba mukaaga okutuuka e Comana mu Pontus, baamutwala mu kkanisa entono ey'omujjulwa Basiliscus, baamwambaza engoye enjeru ez'okubatizibwa, n'alya Ekyamukananga, n'awaayo emmeeme ye eri Katonda. Ebigambo bye ebisembayo bye byali okutendereza kwe okw'edda: Katonda atenderezebwe olwa buli kintu. Amiina.

Baamuziika okumpi ne Basiliscus. Nga wayiseewo emyaka amakumi asatu mu gumu, mu 438, omulambo gwe ne guzzibwa e Constantinople ne guteekebwa wansi w'ekyoto ky'ekkanisa ey'Abatume Abatukuvu wakati w'abakama ne bapatriaka. Omukama omuto Theodosius II ne mwannyina Pulcheria, abaana ba Eudoxia ne Arcadius, baasisinkana essanduuko y'omulambo e Chalcedon, ne bafukamira mu maaso gaayo, ne basaba eggulu okusonyiyibwa mu linnya lya bazadde baabwe olw'ekyo ekyamukolebwa.

Ebyasigalawo bingi nnyo: okubuulira kwa Chrysostom okwatutuukako kusinga obungi okwa kitaawe w'Ekkanisa Omuyonaani omulala yenna, kubanga abantu baakuwandiikanga ng'akyayogera. Musome olw'okunnyonnyola kw'ebyawandiikibwa bw'oba oyagala, naye musome okusookera ddala olw'eddoboozi lye. Akkiriza nti omuntu ali mu maaso ge ayinza okukyuka, era enkizo eyo taagireka, ka abe ng'akomyawo mukwano gwe okuva ku bweyamo obwamenyeka, oba ng'agamba ekibuga ekiri mu ntiisa nti Katonda tekyakivuddeko, oba ng'awandiika ng'ali mu kyalo eky'oku nsozi eri omukazi obulamu bwe bwe bwasaasaana, ng'anyweza nti tewali ayinza kutuusibwako kabi okuggyako ye yennyini.