Dietrich Bonhoeffer — Omusumba Eyabala Ebbeeyi

Yali Ani

Dietrich Bonhoeffer yazaalibwa nga 4 February 1906 mu Breslau, Bugirimaani, mu maka ag’abantu abayivu ab’embeera ennungi, ag’abasawo, bannamateeka n’abasomesa ba yunivasite. Okuva mu buto yalaga amagezi ag’enjawulo, era yamaliriza obwa dokita mu teoloji ku University of Berlin ng’aweza emyaka amakumi abiri mu gumu. Oluvannyuma lw’omwaka ogwamubumba mu New York ku Union Theological Seminary ne mu Abyssinian Baptist Church e Harlem — gye yasanga Obukristaayo bw’Abamerika abaddugavu obw’omwoyo omuziba, bwe yalowooza nti ekkanisa y’Abaluteri mu Bugirimaani yali ebuziddwa ennyo — yaddayo e Bugirimaani okusomesa, okubuulira, era oluvannyuma okukulembera sseminari ya “Confessing Church” e Finkenwalde, etaakkirizibwanga mateeka, ng’awakanya ekkanisa y’e Bugirimaani eyali efugibwa Abanazi. Gestapo yamukwata mu April 1943, n’asibibwa emyaka ebiri mu kkomera lya Tegel e Berlin, era n’attibwa ng’awanikibwa mu nkambi y’abasibe e Flossenbürg nga 9 April 1945 — wiiki ssatu nga olutalo terunnaggwa. Ebitabo bye, nga mw’otwalidde “The Cost of Discipleship” ne “Life Together,” bibumbye endowooza y’Abakristaayo mu nsi yonna okumala emyaka kinaana.

Okwolesebwa Kwe ku Kuyitibwa okw’Obusumba

Okulaba kwa Bonhoeffer ku busumba kwazaalibwa mu buzibu. Ekkanisa y’e Bugirimaani mu myaka gya 1930, ng’oggyeeko abatono abaategeerekeka, yali yeewaayo eri National Socialism — ng’ekkiriza gavumenti okugisalirawo enjigiriza yaayo, okugoba bammemba baayo Abakristaayo abaali Abayudaaya, n’okukaka obuweereza bwayo okuweereza endowooza y’eggwanga. Bonhoeffer yaddamu ng’anywerera — ng’ebbeeyi gy’asasula yeeyongera — nti obuwulize bw’ekkanisa ya Yesu Kristo obw’enkomerero tebwali bwa gavumenti wabula bwa Mukama waayo, era nti mu biseera eby’akabi obuweereza bw’obusumba bwali butegeeza okukkiriza okubonaabona olw’okwatula okwo mu kifo ky’okukwetabulamu.

Ekyawandiikibwa ekyali omusingi gw’obuweereza bwe bw’obusumba kwali kuyita kwa Kristo nga bwe kuwandiikiddwa mu Njiri ssatu ezifaanagana, kwe yannyonnyola mu bujjuvu mu The Cost of Discipleship. Okuyita kwa Yesu kwali kwa ddala era nga tekuliiko bukwakkulizo: kwetaaga okwawukana n’obwesigwa bwonna obwasooka, n’obukuumi bwonna obwasooka, n’endagamuntu yonna eyasooka. Bonhoeffer yalaga kye yayita “ekisa ekya layisi” — okubuulira okusonyiyibwa awatali kwenenya, okubatiza awatali kukangavvula kwa kkanisa, n’Ekyeggulo kya Mukama awatali kwatula bibi — ng’obuvundu obusinga obulabe obwali butunuulidde ekkanisa y’e Bugirimaani.

Ekyo yakiwakanya n’ebigambo bya Yesu: “Omuntu bw’ayagala okungoberera asaana yeefiirize yekka, yeetikke omusaalaba gwe alyoke angoberere. Kubanga buli agezaako okuwonya obulamu bwe alibufiirwa, oyo alifiirwa obulamu bwe ku lwange alibuwonya.” (Matayo 16:24–25). Omusumba eyabuulira ekisa ekya layisi teyali awa kibiina kye Bukristaayo obukakkamu; yali abawa eky’obulimba ekyandibalemeredde mu kaseera ddala we baali basinga okwetaaga eky’amazima.

Ekitabo kye Life Together — ekimpi, ekyakaayakana, ekinnyonnyola obulamu bw’ekibiina mu sseminari ye e Finkenwalde — ye yali teoloji ye ey’obusumba ku kibiina ky’Abakristaayo. Yategeeza nti ekibiina ky’Abakristaayo tekisaana kuzimbibwa ku kwagalana kw’abantu, ku mpisa ze bafaanaganya, oba ku kyangu eky’ekitongole, wabula ku Kigambo kya Katonda ne ku Yesu Kristo yekka. Buli kibiina ekizimbiddwa ku misingi gy’abantu kyandigudde lumu, ensobi z’abantu bwe zandisusse okugumiikirizibwa. Ekibiina ekisimbiddwa mu Kristo kyokka kye kyali kisobola okuwanirira okusonyiwagana okw’amazima, obwesimbu obw’amazima, n’okwagala okw’amazima. Ekyokulabirako yakisanga mu Pawulo bw’annyonnyola omubiri: “Kuba omubiri nga bwe guli ogumu, ne guba n’ebitundu bingi, ate ebitundu byonna ne byegatta ne biba omubiri gumu, kale, ne Kristo bw’ali bw’atyo.” (1 Abakkolinso 12:12). Omulimu gw’omusumba gwali kuzimba omubiri ogwo — so si kukuŋŋaanya bantu kinnoomu abamativu, abali ng’abaguzi.

Obuvumu bwa Bonhoeffer ng’omusumba mu maaso g’okunyigirizibwa gavumenti bwe bumu ku bujulizi obusinga okukebera omutima obw’obwesimbu bw’obusumba mu kyasa eky’amakumi abiri. Yafuna omukisa okusigala mu mirembe mu Amerika olutalo bwe lwatandika; wabula yaddayo e Bugirimaani, ng’amanyi ebbeeyi gye yandisasudde. Yakkiriza nti obuyinza bw’omusumba ku nkomerero bwesigama ku kuba nti mwetegefu okubonaabona olw’amazima g’abuulira — nti omusumba adduka emisege bwe gijja tali musumba n’akatono. Yanywerera ku kiragiro ky’Abaebbulaniya eri ebibiina: “Muwulirenga abakulembeze bammwe era mubagonderenga, kubanga obuweereza bwabwe kwe kulabirira emyoyo gyammwe, balyoke bakikole n’essanyu nga tebeemulugunya. Kubanga bwe babeemulugunyiza tekibagasa mmwe.” (Abaebbulaniya 13:17). Yawa ekibiina kye ensonga ey’okumwesiga ng’abeera omusumba ow’engeri eyo — eyalabirira ekisibo ng’asasula n’eddembe lye, era ku nkomerero n’obulamu bwe.

Ebiwandiiko bye eby’omu kkomera, ebyakuŋŋaanyizibwa mu Letters and Papers from Prison, biraga omutima gw’obusumba ogwagenda mu maaso n’okukola ne mu mbeera eyategekebwa okuguzikiriza. Ng’ali mu kasenge ke, yawandiikiranga ab’omu maka ge ne mikwano gye amabaluwa agabalung’amya mu by’omwoyo mu mazima. Yakulemberanga okusinza kw’abasibe banne n’abakuumi. Mu mabaluwa Pawulo ge yawandiika ng’ali mu kkomera — Abafiripi, Abakkolosaayi, Abaefeso — teyasangamu kubudaabudibwa kwokka, wabula n’ekyokulabirako ky’obuweereza bw’obusumba obukolebwa mu mbeera ezisinga okusiba ze tuyinza okulowoozaako. Yali anywezezza Pawulo kye yategeeza: “Nnyinza okukola byonna mu oyo ampa amaanyi.” (Abafiripi 4:13). Mu “byonna” bye yasobola okukola mu Kristo mwalimu n’okufa obulungi, era bw’atyo bwe yafa — ng’omusawo w’enkambi eyalaba ng’attibwa bwe yategeeza — n’obuteefu n’emirembe ebyewuunyisa n’abakuumi bennyini.

Ky’alekawo kye ky’omusumba eyagaana okwawukanya okukkiriza kwe okwa teoloji n’ebikolwa by’empisa, eyategeera nti ekkanisa okusirika mu maaso g’obutali bwenkanya nakyo kyennyini kwali kulemererwa mu busumba, era eyasasula obulamu bwe olw’okutegeera okwo. Yali abuulidde Amosi ne Mikka n’amaanyi mangi; n’afa ng’atuukiriza bye yabuulira. Okulaba kwa Peetero ku mulimu gw’obusumba yakutwala nga kukulu ddala: “Mulundenga ekisibo kya Katonda ekiri mu mmwe, mukiriisenga nga mukirabirira n’okwagala so si na kwemulugunya, nga mukolerera amagoba ag’obukuusa wabula olw’okujjumbira Katonda.” (1 Peetero 5:2). Yakijjumbira. Yakijjumbira okutuuka ku nkomerero.

Essaala

Mukama Yesu, eyawaayo obulamu bwo olw’endiga zo, tufuule abasumba abeetegefu okukola kye kimu. Ekkanisa we ekemebwa okuwaayo ekisa ekya layisi, tuwe obuvumu bwa Bonhoeffer okubuulira ebbeeyi y’okuba omuyigirizwa. Okunyigiriza kw’ensi we kutusindika eri okusirika okutuwummuza, tuwe amaloboozi agatayinza kusirisibwa. Era omulimu gw’obusumba we gututwala mu kiwonvu kyagwo eky’ekisiikirize, tuwanirire n’obukakafu nti Ggwe wakitambulamu okutusooka. Amiina.