Ebyafaayo
- 1892
- 1922
- 1944
- 1983
Tewali bunnya bwa buziba nnyo Ye gy'atabeera wansi n'okusingawo.
Waggulu w'edduuka ery'essaawa mu kibuga ekikadde ekya Haarlem waaliwo ekisenge eky'obulimba, era emabega waakyo nga waliyo ekifo ekitono ennyo abantu abatono mwe basobola okuyimirira. Kyazimbibwa mu kisenge eky'okwebaka ekiri ku ddaala erya waggulu erya omukazi eyali mu myaka gy'amakumi ataano, atawasibwako, eyayimirizaawo obulamu bwe ng'addaabiriza essaawa, era eyamala obulamu bwe bwonna mu nnyumba y'emu enfunda. Olutalo bwe lwatuuka ku luggi lwe, Corrie ten Boom yafuula ennyumba eyo ekifo eky'obubudamo, n'afiirwa ekitundu ekisinga ekya famire ye olw'ekyo, n'awonawo mu kifo ekyategekebwa okumutta, era n'ava emitala okumala ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ekyasigalawo ng'abuulira abantu ku kusonyiwa. Ye omu ku batono mu tterekero lino abajjukirwa si nnyo olw'ekyo kye yawandiika wabula olw'ekintu kimu kye yakola n'omukono gwe, emyaka mingi oluvannyuma lw'olutalo, mu kyeya ky'ekkanisa mu Munich.
Beje
Cornelia ten Boom yazaalibwa nga 15 April 1892 mu Amsterdam, n'akulira mu Haarlem, famire we baalina edduuka ery'essaawa n'amaka mu kizimbe kimu. Baakiyita Beje, ng'amanya baagaggya mu luguudo kwe kyali kizimbiddwa, Barteljorisstraat. Kitaawe, Casper, yali muddaabiriza wa ssaawa, eyatya Katonda era omuwombeefu, ow'enzikiriza ey'Ekidatchi Ekirongooseddwa (Dutch Reformed); mwannyina Betsie ye yali munne obulamu bwe bwonna. Baali maka ga bulijjo, agakkiriza, agatalina kya njawulo — ago agatereeta mawulire ga kyama okumala emyaka amakumi ataano, oluvannyuma, bwe gagezesebwa, ne galeeta buli kimu.
Corrie yayiga omulimu gwa kitaawe, era mu myaka gya 1920 (mu 1924, ng'ebiwandiiko by'eyeekaalu bwe biraga), n'afuuka omukazi omusooka mu Netherlands okuweebwa layisinsi ey'okuddaabiriza essaawa. Mu kitundu ekisinga eky'obulamu bwe ogwo gwe mugaso gwonna — omukazi atali mufumbo, edduuka ery'amaka, ekkanisa, n'omulimu omuvuvu ogw'ebyuma ebitono. Yali kumpi n'emyaka amakumi ataano ekintu bwe kyabaawo ekyo ensi kaakano kye emumanyiira, ekintu ekisaana okujjukirwa buli muntu alowooza nti obulamu bwe obw'amazima tebunnatandika.
Ekifo eky'okwekweka
Germany yawamba Netherlands mu May 1940. Okuyigganyizibwa kw'Abayudaaya Abadatchi bwe kweyongera, ba ten Boom ne bayingizibwa mu mukutu ogw'ekyama, era ennyumba yaabwe — enkadde, eri wakati mu kibuga, ejjudde ensonda ez'enjawulo — n'efuuka ennyingo mu lujegere olwatambuza Abayudaaya n'abakozi ab'okuziyiza omulabe okutuuka mu bukuumi. Ekisenge eky'ekyama kyazimbibwa emabega w'ekisenge eky'obulimba mu kisenge kya Corrie yennyini eky'okwebaka ku ddaala erya waggulu. Eyeekaalu erabirira ennyumba eno leero egamba nti famire n'omukutu gwaabwe baayamba okununula abantu abaagerageranyizibwa okuba lunaana, era abasinga obungi ku bo tebaakwekebwa mu Beje yennyini wabula mu bifo ebirala eby'obukuumi. Kigero kyokka, nga kiva ku abo abaaliwo; ekigendererwa si muwendo mutuufu wabula nti buli omu yali muntu, eyateekebwa mu kifo omu ku emu, nga obulamu bwa buli muntu mu nnyumba bwe bwali mu kabi.
Nga 28 February 1944 famire yaliibwako olukwe omukessi Omudaaki. Ennyumba n'egwaako amagye era abantu nga amakumi asatu ne bakwatibwa ku lunaku olwo, Corrie ne Betsie ne kitaabwe omukadde nga bali mu bo. Abaserikale tebaazuula kisenge kya kyama. Abantu omukaaga abaali beekwese emabega w'ekisenge, Abayudaaya bana n'abakozi ab'okuziyiza omulabe babiri, ne basigala eyo, nga basirise, okumala ennaku bbiri n'ekitundu, okutuusa abapoliisi abaabasaasira lwe baabaggyayo. Ekifo eky'okwekweka ne kinywera; abo abakizimba tebaanywera. Era si bonna be kyakweka nti baawonawo olutalo: Mary van Itallie, omu ku bagenyi Abayudaaya, yakwatibwa nate nga wayiseewo ennaku ntono ng'ali mu kifo ekirala, n'afiira e Auschwitz nga 1 May 1944, so nga Meijer Mossel, omukulembeze w'ennyimba mu kkuŋŋaaniro (cantor) ab'omu nnyumba gwe baayitanga Eusie, yawangaala n'alaba okununulibwa.
Casper ten Boom, eyali mu myaka gy'amakumi munaana, yafa nga wayiseewo ennaku nga kkumi oluvannyuma lw'okukwatibwa. Corrie ne Betsie baayisibwa mu kkomera ery'e Scheveningen n'olusiisira olw'e Vught, oluvannyuma ne batwalibwa ebuvanjuba, mu Germany, mu lusiisira olw'abakazi olw'okusibirwamu olw'e Ravensbrück.
Ravensbrück, ne Betsie
Ekyaliwo e Ravensbrück kye kikulu mu bujulirwa bwa Corrie, era tewali kimu kikwata ku buvumu bwe ye. Kikwata ku mwannyina. Betsie ten Boom, omunafu era omulwadde, yasisinkana ekifo ekyo n'okukkiriza okwatabula buli muntu eyali okumwetooloola, nga ne Corrie mwalimu. Yakakasa nti Katonda teyali abuze mu nnyumba z'olusiisira, nti asobola okwebazibwa n'eyo, era nti baaleetebwa mu ggeyeena eno yennyini olw'ensonga — okuyiga ekintu lwe lulituuka lwe baliteekwa okukibuulira abantu.
Corrie ategeeza mu The Hiding Place (1971) nti ennyumba yaabwe eyajjula abantu yali ejjudde obunyama, era nti Betsie yeebaza Katonda ne ku bwo. Oluvannyuma lwokka lwe baategeera ensonga: abakuumi tebaayagala kuyingira mu kisenge ekijjudde obunyama, bwe kityo bannnyinaze ababiri ne balekebwa bokka okusomera abakazi abalala Bayibuli mu ddoboozi, awatali kuziyizibwa, mu kifo ekintu ekifaanana bwe kityo mwe kyali kitasoboka.
Corrie ate ategeeza ku kacupa akatono ak'eddagala erya vitamiini eddibaavu ke yasobola okuterekera, mwe yawanga ettondo buli lunaku Betsie n'oluvannyuma abakazi abalwadde abaali okubeetooloola nga beeyongera obungi — era ke, bwe yagamba, ne keeyongera okuwa amatondo okusukka ekigero we kaali kalidde okukalira, okutuusa lwe baatuukirwa endagala empya. Betsie yagifaananya n'ensuwa ey'amafuta eya nnamwandu ow'e Zerefaasi, mu nnaku za Eriya, eteyaggwaawo. Corrie ategeeza olugero ng'ekijjukizo kye ye, nga lwali dda mu kiwandiiko kye ekisooka ku nsiisira, ekyawandiikibwa mu 1945; kya mu kunnyonnyola kwe ekifo ekyo, era kiweebwa wano nga bwe ye yakiwaayo.
Betsie yafiira e Ravensbrück nga 16 December 1944. Nga tannafa yali agambye Corrie, emirundi n'emirundi, nti kibagwanira okufuluma oluvannyuma ne babuulira abantu kye baayiga eyo — nti tewali kizikiza kya buziba nnyo Katonda gy'atabeera wansi n'okusingawo. Kye kigambo ekisinga okukwataganyizibwa ne bannnyinaze ababiri, era kyali kya Betsie:
Tewali bunnya bwa buziba nnyo Ye gy'atabeera wansi n'okusingawo.
— Betsie ten Boom, nga Corrie bwe yakitegeeza mu The Hiding Place
Nga wayiseewo ennaku, ku nkomerero ddala ya December 1944, Corrie n'ata, olw'ensonga ezitannyonnyolwangako mu bujjuvu. Ekiwandiiko kye ekisooka, ekyawandiikibwa mu 1945, kiraga nti bannnyinaze ababiri baali basuubira ekiseera ky'okusibibwa ekigere okuggwaako; emyaka bwe gyayitawo yabuulirwa nti kyava ku nsobi ey'omuwandiisi, era mu The Hiding Place ategeeza nti abakazi ab'omu mulembe gwe baatwalibwa okuttibwa nga wayiseewo akaseera katono ng'amaze okuvaayo. Ka kibe nti kyava ku ki, mu wiiki ntono olusiisira ne lutandika okutta abalwadde n'abakadde ne ggaasi. Teyeewaana nti yali yeefunidde okuwona wadde okukitegeera bulungi. Yali ayingidde n'mwannyina ne famire; n'afuluma bwannamunigina, ng'atutte ekiragiro okuva eri omukazi eyafa.
Omutambuze wa Mukama
Corrie yakuuma ekiragiro. Okumala nga emyaka amakumi asatu mu esatu egyaddirira, okutuusa mu myaka gye egy'amakumi munaana, yatambula — amawanga agasukka nkaaga — ng'omwogezi eyeetooloola atalina kifo kya maka kigere, nga yeeyita omutambuze wa Mukama. Obubaka bwe si bwe bwali okusinga ku ntiisa gye yawonako. Bwali bukwata ku kusonyiwa, ku kutabaganya, ne ku kumpi kw'okwagala kwa Katonda okutakoowa mu bifo ebisingira ddala obubi abantu bye basobola okukola. Yali yeefunidde obuyinza okukyogera mu ngeri yokka obuyinza obwo mwe bufunibwa.
Awo, nga yaakatandika entambula ezo, mu 1947, mu kkanisa mu Munich, obubaka ne bumuweebwa butereevu, nga bw'akitegeeza.
Yali yaakamala okwogera n'ekibiina eky'Abadaaki ku kusonyiwa kwa Katonda. Oluvannyuma omusajja n'ajja mu maaso, ng'amwenyumwenya, ng'agolodde omukono gwe — era n'amutegeera. Yali akuumi e Ravensbrück, omu ku basajja abaali mu kisenge omwawandiisibwanga abasibe, bannnyinaze, ne Betsie mwe yali, mwe baateekebwa okuyita nga batambula, nga bali obwereere, wansi w'amaaso ge. Ye teyamutegeera. Yamugamba nti kati yali afuuse Omukristaayo, nti yamanya nga Katonda amusonyiye ku kye yakola eyo, era n'amubuuza obanga naye yandimusonyiye. Era n'ayimirira awo ng'agolodde omukono gwe.
Teyasobola kugukwata. N'ayimirira ng'akwatiddwa, era obusungu ne bumujjira — okujjukira Betsie, ekisenge ekiri, ne byonna. Yamanya enzikiriza ye kye yamwetaagisa, naye n'akizuula nti teyalina kwo. Bw'atyo n'asaba essaala yokka gye yasobola.
Awo, ategeeza, n'akwata omukono gwe — nga tewali kuwulira, ng'ekikolwa eky'okwesalirawo so si eky'okuwulira — era bwe yakola bw'atyo, ekintu ne kiyita mu mukono gwe ne kiyingira mu mikono gyabwe egyakwatagana kye yamanya nti si kikye. Yakiyita omugga gw'okwagala, ogw'amaanyi nnyo n'okumpi okumumira. Yali ayagadde ekikolwa n'omutima omunnyogovu, era ebbugumu ne liva awalala. Kye kituufu kye yamalako obulamu bwe obwasigalawo ng'akinyweza mu bantu, era n'akyogera lwatu:
Okusonyiwa kikolwa kya kwesalirawo, era okwesalirawo kusobola okukola nga tekufaayo ku bbugumu ly'omutima.
— Corrie ten Boom, Tramp for the Lord
Ky'aleka
Mu 1967 Yad Vashem yakkiriza Corrie ten Boom ng'omu ku Batuukirivu mu Mawanga (Righteous Among the Nations), olw'omulimu gwa famire ogw'okukweka Abayudaaya. Mu 1971 yategeeza olugero lwonna mu The Hiding Place, olwawandiikibwa ne John ne Elizabeth Sherrill era olwalina ennyanjula eya Billy Graham; firimu n'eggoberera mu 1975. Ekitabo kyafuula omuddaabiriza wa ssaawa Omudaaki n'mwannyina eyafa okumanyibwa mu nsi yonna.
Yafiira mu Placentia, California, nga 15 April 1983 — ku lunaku lwe olw'amazaalibwa lwe yaweza emyaka kyenda mu emu, lwe lunaku lwe lumu lwe yazaalirwako. Mu buwangwa bwe waaliwo enzikiriza enkadde nti abantu abaweereddwa omukisa ogw'enjawulo bokka be bafiira ku lunaku lwabwe olw'amazaalibwa, era ka kibe nti kirina amakulu oba nedda, obulungi bwakyo tekyangu kubulaba: obulamu ne buggalibwa ku lunaku lwe bwaggukira, nga nkulungo enzijuvu erambiddwa okwetooloola emyaka kyenda mu emu.
Ky'aleka si nkola oba kitabo kya njigiriza. Kigambo kimu, ekyagezesebwa, ekyaggyibwa mu kifo ekyazimbibwa okukizikiriza: nti okusonyiwa si kuwulira kw'olindirira wabula kintu ky'okola, era nti bw'okikola n'omutima omunnyogovu n'emikono emyereere, okwagala okugijjuza kuweebwa. Betsie yasuubiza, ng'afa, nti balibeera n'ekintu eky'okubuulira kubanga baali baaliyo. Corrie yamala emyaka amakumi asatu mu esatu ng'akibuulira. Obukakafu bwe bwali mukono gwe ye, mu Munich, nga gukwata omukono gwe gwe gwali tegusobola kukwatako.
Okubuulira kwa Corrie ten Boom (1)
Era alabika mu
Ebibuuzo n'Eby'okuddamu
Corrie ten Boom yali ani olutalo nga terunnatuuka, era Beje kyali ki?
Mu bulamu bwe obusinga yali muddaabiriza wa ssaawa mu Haarlem, omukazi atali mufumbo eyabeeranga waggulu w'edduuka lya famire mu nnyumba enfunda ba ten Boom gye baayita Beje, ng'amanya baagaggya mu luguudo kwe yali, Barteljorisstraat. Kitaawe, Casper, naye yali muddaabiriza wa ssaawa, omusajja eyatya Katonda era omuwombeefu ow'enzikiriza ey'Ekidatchi Ekirongooseddwa, era mwannyina Betsie ye yali munne obulamu bwe bwonna. Gaali maka ga bulijjo, agakkiriza, ag'engeri etereeta mawulire okumala emyaka amakumi ataano, era Corrie yali kumpi n'emyaka amakumi ataano ebintu bwe byabaawo ensi kaakano by'emujjukirirako.
Kituufu nti ye yali omukazi eyasooka okuweebwa layisinsi ey'okuddaabiriza essaawa mu Netherlands?
Bw'etyo eyeekaalu erabirira ennyumba ye bw'ewandiika. Yayiga omulimu gwa kitaawe mu dduuka lya famire, era mu myaka gya 1920 (mu 1924, ng'ebiwandiiko by'eyeekaalu bwe biraga; ensibuko endala zigamba 1921 oba 1922) n'afuuka omukazi omusooka okuweebwa layisinsi ey'okuddaabiriza essaawa mu Netherlands. Mu kitundu ekisinga eky'obulamu bwe ogwo gwe gwali olugero lwe lwonna: omukazi atali mufumbo, edduuka lya famire, ekkanisa, n'omulimu omuvuvu ogw'ebyuma ebitono.
Famire ya ten Boom yatuuka etya okukweka Abayudaaya mu kiseera ky'okuwambibwa?
Germany yawamba Netherlands mu 1940, era okuyigganyizibwa kw'Abayudaaya Abadatchi bwe kweyongera, ba ten Boom ne bayingizibwa mu mukutu ogw'ekyama. Ennyumba yaabwe enkadde eri wakati mu kibuga, ejjudde ensonda ez'enjawulo, yafuuka ennyingo mu lujegere olwatambuza Abayudaaya n'abakozi ab'okuziyiza omulabe okutuuka mu bukuumi. Ekisenge eky'ekyama kyazimbibwa emabega w'ekisenge eky'obulimba mu kisenge kya Corrie yennyini eky'okwebaka ku ddaala erya waggulu, ekifo ekitono ennyo abantu abatono mwe basobola okuyimirira. Eyeekaalu erabirira ennyumba leero egamba nti famire n'omukutu gwaabwe baayamba okununula abantu abagerageranyizibwa okuba lunaana, abasinga obungi ku bo nga tebaakwekebwa mu nnyumba yennyini wabula mu bifo ebirala eby'obukuumi, nga bateekebwa omu ku omu, obulamu bwa buli muntu mu nnyumba nga buli mu kabi.
Kiki ekyabaawo famire bwe yaliibwamu olukwe?
Nga 28 February 1944 omukessi Omudaaki yabaliiramu olukwe. Ennyumba yagwaako amagye era abantu nga amakumi asatu ne bakwatibwa ku lunaku olwo, Corrie ne Betsie ne kitaabwe omukadde nga bali mu bo. Abaserikale tebaazuula kisenge kya kyama: abantu omukaaga abaali beekwese emabega w'ekisenge, Abayudaaya bana n'abakozi ab'okuziyiza omulabe babiri, baasigala eyo, nga basirise, okumala ennaku bbiri n'ekitundu, okutuusa abapoliisi abaabasaasira lwe baabaggyayo. Ekifo eky'okwekweka kyanywera; abo abaakizimba tebaanywera. Era si bonna be kyakweka nti baawonawo olutalo: Mary van Itallie yakwatibwa nate mu nnaku ntono ng'ali mu kifo ekirala, n'afiira e Auschwitz nga 1 May 1944, so nga Meijer Mossel, omukulembeze w'ennyimba mu kkuŋŋaaniro ab'omu nnyumba gwe baayitanga Eusie, yawangaala n'alaba okununulibwa.
Kitaawe ne mwannyina Betsie baatuuka ku ki?
Kitaawe, Casper, eyali mu myaka gy'amakumi munaana, yafa nga wayiseewo ennaku nga kkumi oluvannyuma lw'okukwatibwa. Corrie ne Betsie baayisibwa mu kkomera ery'e Scheveningen n'olusiisira olw'e Vught, oluvannyuma ne batwalibwa ebuvanjuba mu Germany, mu lusiisira olw'abakazi olw'okusibirwamu olw'e Ravensbrück. Betsie, omunafu era omulwadde, yafiirayo nga 16 December 1944. Nga tannafa yagamba Corrie, emirundi n'emirundi, nti kibagwanira okufuluma oluvannyuma ne babuulira abantu kye baayiga, era ekigambo ekisinga okukwataganyizibwa ne bannyinaze ababiri kyali kikye: "Tewali bunnya bwa buziba nnyo Ye gy'atabeera wansi n'okusingawo."
Olugero lw'obunyama n'okwebaza lwe luluwa?
Corrie ategeeza mu The Hiding Place (1971) nti ennyumba yaabwe ey'omu lusiisira eyajjula abantu yali ejjudde obunyama, era nti Betsie yanywerera ku kwebaza Katonda ne ku bwo. Corrie yali tasobola kulaba makulu gaakyo, naye n'awa okwebaza wadde bwe kityo. Oluvannyuma lwokka lwe baategeera: abakuumi tebaayagala kuyingira mu kisenge ekijjudde obunyama, bwe kityo bannyinaze ababiri ne balekebwa bokka okusomera abakazi abalala Bayibuli mu ddoboozi, awatali kuziyizibwa, mu kifo ekintu ekifaanana bwe kityo mwe kyali kitasoboka. Mu nsonda emu ey'olusiisira olwo abakuumi gye beewalanga, bannyinaze ababiri baasomera abaali basaliddwa okufa Ekyawandiikibwa.
Corrie yawonawo atya so nga bangi tebaawonawo?
Ku nkomerero ddala ya December 1944, nga wayiseewo ennaku ntono okuva Betsie lwe yafa, Corrie n'ata, olw'ensonga ezitannyonnyolwangako mu bujjuvu. Ekiwandiiko kye ekisooka, ekyawandiikibwa mu 1945, kiraga nti bannyinaze ababiri baali basuubira ekiseera ky'okusibibwa ekigere okuggwaako; emyaka bwe gyayitawo yabuulirwa nti kyava ku nsobi ey'omuwandiisi, era mu The Hiding Place ategeeza nti abakazi ab'omu mulembe gwe baatwalibwa okuttibwa nga wayiseewo akaseera katono ng'amaze okuvaayo. Ka kibe nti kyava ku ki, mu wiiki ntono olusiisira ne lutandika okutta abalwadde n'abakadde ne ggaasi. Teyeewaana nti yali yeefunidde okuwona wadde nti akitegeera bulungi. Yali ayingidde ne mwannyina ne famire n'afuluma bwannamunigina, ng'atutte ekiragiro okuva eri omukazi eyafa okugenda okubuulira kye baayiga.
Okusisinkana n'akuumi ow'e Ravensbrück kwali kutya, era lwaki kujjukirwa?
Okumala emyaka mingi oluvannyuma lw'olutalo Corrie yatambula mu nsi yonna ng'ayogera ku kusonyiwa n'okutabaganya. Awo, nga bw'akitegeeza yennyini, mu 1947, mu kkanisa mu Munich, omusajja yajja mu maaso ng'amaze okwogera, ng'amwenyumwenya, ng'agolodde omukono gwe, n'amutegeera nga yali akuumi e Ravensbrück. Yamugamba nti kati yali afuuse Omukristaayo era n'amubuuza obanga yandimusonyiye. N'ayimirira ng'akwatiddwa, nga tasobola kuyimusa mukono gwe, era n'asaba mu kasirise nti: "Yesu, sisobola kumusonyiwa. Mpa okusonyiwa Kwo." Awo n'akwata omukono gwe ng'ekikolwa eky'okwesalirawo, era, nga bw'ategeeza, ebbugumu lye yamanya nti si lirye ne liyita mu mukono gwe ne liyingira mu mikono gyabwe egyakwatagana. Isomo yalyogera mu bwerufu: "Okusonyiwa kikolwa kya kwesalirawo, era okwesalirawo kusobola okukola nga tekufaayo ku bbugumu ly'omutima."
Kiki kye yaleka emabega, era obulamu bwe bwakoma butya?
Mu 1967 Yad Vashem yamukkiriza ng'omu ku Batuukirivu mu Mawanga olw'omulimu gwa famire ogw'okukweka Abayudaaya. Mu 1971 yategeeza olugero lwonna mu The Hiding Place, olwawandiikibwa ne John ne Elizabeth Sherrill, era firimu n'eggoberera mu 1975; byombi byafuula omuddaabiriza wa ssaawa Omudaaki ne mwannyina eyafa okumanyibwa mu nsi yonna. Yafiira mu Placentia, California, nga 15 April 1983 — ku lunaku lwe olw'amazaalibwa ag'omulundi ogw'ekyenda mu gumu, olunaku lwe lumu lwe yazaalirwako. Ky'aleka kigambo kimu ekyagezesebwa, ekyaggyibwa mu kifo ekyazimbibwa okukizikiriza: nti okusonyiwa si kuwulira kw'olindirira wabula kintu ky'okola, era nti bw'okikola n'omutima omunnyogovu n'emikono emyereere, okwagala okugijjuza kuweebwa.