Ebyafaayo bya Athanasius of Alexandria

Athanasius yali omulabirizi w’e Alexandria okumala emyaka amakumi ana mu etaano, era kkumi na musanvu ku gyo yagimala mu buwaŋŋanguse. Yagobebwa mu kibuga kye emirundi etaano, abafuzi bana ab’enjawulo, era buli mulundi n’akomawo. Yali mumpi, addugavu, era muwuuvu, era abalabe be, abaali nga mwe muli abasinga obungi ku b’omu lubiri lwa kabaka okumala ebiseera ebisinga obulamu bwe, baamuvunaana okutta, obulogo, obulyi bwa lukwe, okuvvoola ebitukuvu, n’okutaataaganya emmere ey’empeke ey’e Constantinople. Buli musango ku gyo gwagwa. Ekyo kye yagaana okukola kwe kuteeka omukono ku kiwandiiko kye yakkiriza nti kya bulimba, era okugaana okwo okumu, okwakuumibwa okumala ekitundu ky’ekyasa, kye kisinga obunene ekiviirako ekkanisa ey’Ekikristaayo okusigala eyatula nti Yesu Kristo ye Katonda.

Yazaalibwa mu Alexandria nga mu 296 AD, mu nsi ey’Abamisiri abaayogeranga Oluyonaani, ekkanisa nga yaakayita mu kuyigganyizibwa okusinga obubi mu byafaayo byayo. Yakulira ng’amanyi Olukoputi awamu n’Oluyonaani, ekyaliko amakulu oluvannyuma: obwakabaka bwe bwamulwanyisa, ebyalo by’e Misiri byamukweka. Yali akyali omudiikoni omuvubuka, omuwandiisi wa Omulabirizi Alexander, bwe yagenda mu lukiiko olw’e Nicaea mu 325. Teyalina ddoboozi eyo. Oboolyawo yali wa myaka amakumi abiri mu musanvu.

Ekibuuzo ekyali e Nicaea

Empaka ezaamalirawo obulamu bwe zaali zitandikiddwa omupriisita w’e Alexandria ayitibwa Arius, era tezaali za kunyoomerera. Arius yayigiriza nti Omwana, wadde nga ye asinga obukulu mu bitonde byonna era nga ye yayita mu kutonda, naye yali kitonde: waaliwo, bwe yagamba, ekiseera bwe yali tannabaawo. Kwali kunyweza kusikiriza. Kwakuuma Katonda ng’ali bulungi nga simple era nga takyuka, kwatuukagana n’okugezi kw’omulembe ogwo, era kwayinza okujuliza Ebyawandiikibwa.

Athanasius yalaba n’obulambulukufu obw’enjawulo ekyo kye kyandireetedde. Singa Omwana kitonde, kale ekyo ekyajja mu nsi mu Yesu Kristo tekyali Katonda wabula kyali kintu kyokka ekisinga obulungi mu ebyo Katonda bye yakola, era essuubi lyonna ery’Ekikristaayo lifuuka lugambo bugambo. Mu katabo katono ke yawandiika ng’akyali muvubuka ku Katonda okufuuka omuntu, yateeka enkyukakyuka endala mu lunyiriri lumu ekkanisa ey’Oluyonaani lw’etalekeranga kujuliza:

Kubanga Ye yafuuka omuntu, ffe tulyoke tufuulibwe ba Katonda; era yeeraga ye yennyini ng’ayita mu mubiri, ffe tulyoke tufune okutegeera kwa Kitaffe atalabika; era yagumiikiriza obunyoomi bw’abantu, ffe tulyoke tusikire obutafa.

— Athanasius, Ku Kufuuka Omuntu, 54

Tagamba nti abantu bafuuka bakatonda. Ky’agamba kwe kuti Katonda akkiridde okukka wansi ekkubo lyonna okutuuka gye tuli, n’atwala omubiri ogw’amazima, n’afa okufa okw’amazima, era mu kukola ekyo n’asobozesa ebitonde okugabana ku bulamu bwa Katonda. Ebirala byonna ebiri mu Athanasius biva mu sentensi eyo, nga mw’otwalidde n’emitawaana gye yayitamu gyonna.

Obuwaŋŋanguse obutaano

Yafuuka omulabirizi w’e Alexandria mu 328, ng’alina emyaka nga amakumi asatu, era mu myaka musanvu gyokka yali ali mu Trier, ku mugga Moselle, ng’agobeddwa Constantine oluvannyuma lw’olukiiko olwatereezebwa okumulwanyisa. Ogwo gwe gwali ogusooka. Ogw’okubiri gwamusindika e Rome. Ogw’okusatu, era nga gwe gusinga okwewuunyisa, gwatandika ku kiro kya Lwokuna mu Febwaali 356.

Yabula okumala emyaka mukaaga n’ennaku kkumi na nnya. Gye yagenda kwali mu ddungu. Abamonaki b’e Misiri, abaali abaayagala obulamu bwabwe era omutandisi waabwe gwe yali amanyi, ne bakweka omusajja asinga okunoonyezebwa mu bwakabaka mu bisenge n’empuku ez’omu kiwonvu kya Kiyira n’ez’omu bifo eby’amazzi eby’ebugwanjuba, era tewali n’omu eyamulyamu olukwe. Obuwaŋŋanguse obulala bubiri bwaddirira, wansi wa Julian ne wansi wa Valens; era waliwo enjogera ekyagenda mu maaso egamba nti mu obw’enkomerero yeekweka emyezi ena mu ntaana ya kitaawe.

Mu myaka egy’okwekweka mwe mwava ekitabo ekisinga byonna okusomebwa kye yali awandiise. Obulamu bwa Antony ge byafaayo by’omusajja omukadde eyabeeranga yekka mu ddungu, Athanasius gwe yali amanyi yennyini, era kyakola okusinga ekiwandiiko ekirala kyonna okutwala endowooza ey’obumonaki mu Bugwanjuba. Kyatuuka ne mu nnimiro y’e Milan, omusomesa Omuwafirika omuvubuka ayitibwa Augustine gye yawulirira ebyafaayo by’abakungu babiri abaakisoma ne baleka emirimu gyabwe amangu ago, era n’alemwa okukiggya mu mutwe gwe.

Ebbaluwa eyanyweza Endagaano Empya

Buli mwaka omulabirizi w’e Alexandria yawandiikanga ebbaluwa ey’embaga ng’alanga olunaku lwa Pasika, era buli mwaka Athanasius yagikozesanga okuyigiriza. Ey’amakumi asatu mu mwenda ku zo, eyaweerezebwa mu 367, erimu olukalala. Eyatula Enjiri ennya, Ebikolwa, ebbaluwa omusanvu ez’ekkanisa yonna, ebbaluwa ekkumi n’ennya eza Pawulo, n’Okubikkulirwa kwa Yokaana: ebitabo amakumi abiri mu musanvu eby’Endagaano Empya, mu ntegeka omusomi yenna ow’omulembe guno gy’ayinza okutegeera, era lwe lukalala olusinga obukadde olukyaliwo olwatula ebyo byokka era nga tewali birala.

Bino bye nsulo ez’obulokozi, abalina ennyonta balyoke bakkusibwe ebigambo eby’obulamu ebirimu. Mu bino byokka mwe mulangirirwa okuyigiriza okw’okutya Katonda. Omuntu yenna aleme kubyongerako kintu kyonna, era omuntu yenna aleme kubiggyako kintu kyonna.

— Athanasius, Ebbaluwa ey’Embaga 39

Yali tateekawo lukalala lwa bitabo ng’alagira. Yali awandiika ekyo ekkanisa kye yali etuuse okusoma, era ekyo nti olukalala lwe lwe luli ekkanisa lwe yakuuma kirina kye kyogera ku ngeri gye yali awulirizzaamu n’obwegendereza.

Kye yaleka

Athanasius yawandiika Obulamu bwa Antony ng’omusajja eyali atunuulidde omumonaki omukadde ng’ali kumpi naye, era ekitabo kirimu obwegendereza okusinga erinnya lyakyo bwe liraga. Eby’amagero ebirimu byogerwa nga waliwo okugaana okutasalako kuwa Antony yennyini kitiibwa. Omuwala aleetebwa ng’ayita mu ddungu okuwonyezebwa, era Antony n’atamuyingiza wadde mu nnyumba, wabula n’aweereza obubaka nti okutuukirira kw’ekyo si kwange, nze omuntu omunaku, wabula okuwona kwe kwe kimu ku bikolwa by’Omulokozi.

Endowooza eyo, ey’okuwuula buli kimu okukiggya ku muntu omutukuvu n’okukizza ku Kristo, ye Athanasius nga bw’ali Antony. Era y’ensonga lwaki obulamu bwe bwennyini busomebwa bwe butyo. Si mukugu wa by’omwoyo era tatera n’akatono kwogera ku by’omunda we. Ky’awa mu kifo ky’ekyo kye kifo ekinywevu: Katonda azze mu butuufu, mu mubiri, w’oli. Byonna bye yabonaabona byali mu kukuuma ekigambo ekyo ekimu ekyangu, era byonna bye yawandiika bwali bugezaageza okukikuuma kireme okunnyonnyolwa ne kiggwaawo.

Yekka, naye nga si yekka

Ekigambo ekyamugattibwako mu kkanisa ey’Olulattini, Athanasius ng’alwanyisa ensi yonna, kyakolebwa oluvannyuma so si kigambo kye yayogera, era kya mazima kitundu kyokka. Yasingibwanga obungi mu nkiiko okutuuka we kitasobokera, era waaliwo ebiseera mu myaka gya 350 abalabirizi abasinga obukulu bonna nga baali baateeka omukono ku kintu ekyo ye kye yali tayinza kuteekako. Naye mu butuufu teyali yekka. Yalina Alexandria, ekyamujeemera. Yalina abamonaki, abaamukweka. Yalina ekibinja ky’abaawandiikiranga naye ekyava mu ddungu ly’e Misiri okutuuka e Rome n’e Rhine, era yabawandiikira bonna, obutakoma, mu Luyonaani olwangu era olw’amangu era oluli n’olusekesa nnyo ku balabe be.

Yali era asobola okugaba mu ngeri erinnya lye ery’obukakanyavu lye litalagula. Mu myaka gye egy’oluvannyuma yakolagana n’obugumiikiriza n’abalabirizi abaali baateeka omukono okumulwanyisa, ng’akakasa nti bangi ku bo baali bategeeza ekituufu naye mu bigambo ebikyamu, era n’abawa ekifo mu kkanisa. Omusajja eyali amaze emyaka mingi ng’agaana okukkiriza ku nsonga enkulu yalabika ng’ayinza okukyukakyuka ku buli kintu ekirala.

Yakomawo eka omulundi ogw’enkomerero mu 366 era n’aba n’emyaka musanvu egy’emirembe. Yafiira mu Alexandria nga 2 Maayi 373, ku kitanda kye ye, mu kibuga kye ye, ng’awangadde abafuzi abaamugoba. Oluvannyuma lw’emyaka munaana olukiiko olw’e Constantinople lwamalirawo ekibuuzo mu bigambo ekkanisa bye yeeyogera ne kaakano ku Ssande, nti Omwana wa mubiri gumu ne Kitaawe. Athanasius teyawangaala kuwulira bigambo ebyo. Yali akutte olunyiriri ekiseera ekiwanvu ekimala omulala alyoke akuume.

Ekisinga okugwanira okuggibwa mu ye si njigiriza yennyini, Abakristaayo abasinga obungi kaakano gye basikira nga tebateganye, wabula embeera y’omwoyo eyagikuuma. Yagambibwa, emirundi mingi era abantu abaalina obuyinza okumuzikiriza, nti ye yekka ye kizibu ekiziyiza emirembe era nti omukono gumu gwokka gwandimazeewo obuzibu bwa buli muntu. Emirundi etaano yalonda ekkubo eriva mu kibuga mu kifo ky’okuteeka omukono. Alabika nga teyeerowoozangako ng’omuzira; yeerowoozangako ng’omulabirizi ataali wa ddembe kwogera ekyo ekitali kya mazima.