Ebyafaayo bya John Hyde

Waliwo obuzibu mu makkati g’ebyafaayo byonna ebya John Hyde, era kisinga okubwatula ku ntandikwa okusinga okwefuula nti tebuliiwo. Kumpi buli kintu ekirabika obulungi kye tumanyi ku musajja eyayitibwanga “Hyde Omusabi” — ebiro ebiramba ng’ali wansi ku ttaka, olugalo olwamuteekebwa ku mimwa, omutima ogwagambibwa nti gwava mu kifo kyagwo mu kifuba — kitutuukako okuyita mu kitabo kimu kyokka ekitono eky’okusinza: Praying Hyde ekya Francis McGaw, ekyafulumizibwa mu 1923, emyaka egisukka ekkumi nga Hyde yafa dda, era ekyaggibwa mu kitundu ku ebyo abantu abalala bye bajjukira. Ebintu eby’amazima ebisobola okukakasibwa mu bulamu bwe bitono era bisirifu okusinga olugero. Ebyafaayo bino byawula ebintu ebyo ebibiri mu bugenderevu. Ebiwandiiko we binywevu, bikyogera lwatu; olugero we lwesigama ku McGaw n’ebyo bye yakuŋŋaanya mu kujjukira kw’abantu, nakyo kikyogera. Hyde teyeetaaga kugulumizibwa kusukka. Ebyo ebisobola okukakasibwa byewuunyisa ekimala.

Mutabani w’omuweereza okuva mu Illinois

John Nelson Hyde yazaalibwa nga 9 Noovemba 1865 mu Illinois, nga omu ku baana mukaaga ab’Omwawule Smith Harris Hyde, omuweereza w’Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian. Kitaawe yali musajja asaba, era naddala yasabanga essaala emu entongole — nti Katonda aweereze abakozi mu nnimiro ye — era eno y’emu ku buwuzi obutono obuva mu biwandiiko ebikakasibwa ne bugenda mu lugero nga tebukutuse: omwana, ku nkomerero, yafuuka okuddibwamu kw’essaala ey’engeri kitaawe gye yasabanga. Amaka gaamanya n’omuwendo gw’essaala eyo. Muganda we omukulu, Edmund, naye yali atandise okugenda mu by’obuminsani n’afa omusujja ng’akyali muyizi.

Hyde yatikkirwa mu Carthage College mu Illinois n’ekitiibwa ekya waggulu mu 1887, n’agenda mu McCormick Theological Seminary e Chicago, n’amaliriza okutendekebwa kwe eyo mu 1892. Mu Okitobba w’omwaka ogwo yasaabala okuva e New York okugenda e Buyindi. Yali wa myaka abiri mu mukaaga.

Yagenda n’obuzibu obw’amazima. Hyde yali tawulira bulungi — “alwawo okwogera n’okuwulira,” nga bwe baayogeranga — era kino kyafuula omulimu ogusooka ogw’okuyiga olulimi olupya okugenda mpola era nga guggwamu amaanyi. Kisaanidde okukijjukira, kubanga omusajja oluvannyuma eyajjukirwanga olw’okubuulira okw’obwegendereza era okukulukuta mu nnimi bbiri ez’e Buyindi teyatandika ng’atuuse ku buwanguzi obweyoleka. Ekifo kye eky’obuminsani, mu myaka gyonna gye yamala e Buyindi, kyali Ferozepore mu Punjab; okuva eyo yakolanga mu byalo by’essaza lya Ludhiana, era okuva awo nga mu 1906 yavunaanyizibwanga ekitundu ekyetoolodde Moga, gye yamalira emyaka gye egy’oluvannyuma. Obutawulira tebwamuggwako ddala, naye yayiga bulungi ddala Olu-Urdu n’Olupunjabi.

Okukyukira mu kusaba

Emyaka egyasooka gyali mizibu era abakyuka baali batono. Kirabika nga mu buzibu obwo, so si mu buwanguzi obwangu, obulamu bwa Hyde obw’okusaba mwe bwakulira. Okuva nga mu 1899 yatandika okumala ebiro ebiramba ng’asaba. Kino kye kikolo ky’ebyo byonna abawandiisi b’ebitabo eby’okusinza bye baamufuula oluvannyuma, era kyamera mu ttaka erisinga obutaba lya ssanyu: omuminsani eyali aweddemu amaanyi, nga talina ky’alaga, eyasalawo nti eky’okuddamu si kukola nnyo mu maaso g’abantu wabula okulindirira ennyo mu maaso ga Katonda.

Kitange, mpa emmeeme zino, oba nfe!

— John Hyde, nga bwe kyajjukirwa mu Praying Hyde ekya Francis McGaw (1923)

Okukaaba okwo kwa McGaw, era ebigambo byakwo ddala bikyukakyuka okusinziira ku oyo abinyumya — abamu babiwandiika nti “Ai Katonda, mpa emmeeme oba nfe.” Kisaana kusomebwa ng’ekifaananyi ky’omugugu omusajja ono gwe yalina nga bwe gwajjukirwa abo abaali okumpi naye, so si nga bigambo ebyawandiikibwa nga bwe byayogerwa. Naye omugugu gwennyini tegubuusibwabuusibwa.

Nga mu Apuli 1904, mu mwaka gwe gumu n’olukuŋŋaana olwasooka mu nkuŋŋaana ennene ez’e Sialkot ezaategekebwanga buli mwaka, abaminsani abatonotono baatandika Ekibiina ky’Okusaba eky’e Punjab, era Hyde yajjukirwa ng’omu ku basinga okukiwagira. Ekigendererwa kyakyo kyali kusabira “okuzuukusibwa” — okuzuukuka mu mwoyo — mu Punjab yonna ne mu Buyindi yonna. Sialkot tekyali kifo kye ekye nnyini — kyali kifo ekikulu eky’obuminsani obulala obw’oluganda, obwa United Presbyterians — naye yagendangayo ku lukuŋŋaana buli mwaka, era munne eyali amumanyi yawandiika nti Hyde yali omu ku basinga obukulu mu lukuŋŋaana olwo okuva mu mwaka gwalwo ogwasooka, 1904, era nti mu bantu batono nnyo mwe yali awulidde obubaka obunoonyereza omutima bwe butyo. Ab’Ekibiina beeyama okukuuma empisa ennyangu esobola okukakasibwa: okwawula ekitundu ky’essaawa buli lunaku, amangu ddala nga bwe kisoboka oluvannyuma lw’ettuntu, okusabira okuzuukuka — n’okweyongera, mu bigambo by’Ekibiina byennyini, okutuusa okuzuukuka lwe kunaatuuka.

Okusaba kwe kye kwagambibwa okukola

Okuva mu Kibiina ky’Okusaba ne mu lukuŋŋaana lw’e Sialkot mwavaamu ekyo ebiwandiiko by’obuminsani eby’omu biseera ebyo kye biyita okufukibwa okw’amazima — enkuŋŋaana ezaalimu, okuva mu 1904 n’okweyongerayo, okwekenneenya okw’amaanyi mu mutima, okwatula ebibi mu lwatu n’okuzzibwa obuggya. Abo abaaliyo baawa okwegayirira kwa Hyde okw’ebbanga eddene okw’ekyama ekitundu ekinene ku ekyo. Kino kye kisinga okunywera mu kuddibwamu kw’essaala ze: si kyamagero kya kyama, wabula omulimu ogw’olwatu abajulirwa bangi gwe baalaba ne bagutuuma erinnya.

Ekyo ekisinga okumanyibwa ku bibala bye kiri mu kitundu mu biwandiiko ate mu kitundu mu nnono, era ebyo ebibiri bisaana okwawulibwa. Ebitabo eby’okusinza bigamba nti mu 1908 Hyde yasabanga emmeeme emu buli lunaku, era nti mu mwaka ogwo abantu abasukka mu bina baaleetebwa; nti oluvannyuma yayongera okusaba kwe n’atuuka ku mmeeme bbiri buli lunaku, ate okumpi n’enkomerero ku nnya; era nti ku lunaku lwonna omuwendo omujjuvu bwe gwatatuukibwanga, ekiro yawuliranga omugugu omuzito ennyo nga tasobola kulya wadde okwebaka. Emiwendo egyo — n’ebina mwe biri — giva eri McGaw n’ebyo bye yakuŋŋaanya mu kujjukira kw’abantu; tewali bibalo bya buminsani eby’omu biseera ebyo ebizuuliddwa okugikakasa. Ebigambo bya Hyde yennyini, mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira bayizi banne ab’edda, byangu okusingawo: “abasukka mu lukumi mu myaka ebiri egiyise,” era “tewali lunaku, bwe tuba nga tutereevu ne Katonda, nga tewali mmeeme.” Ebiwandiiko by’obuminsani byennyini bye biraga y’ennimiro gye yakolamu: e Moga, gye yali asiga, okubatizibwa kweyongera buli mwaka okumala emyaka etaano era kwatuuka ku 685 mu 1910 — amakungula g’ekifo kyonna eky’obuminsani, so si muwendo gwa bakyuse ba musajja omu, wabula ettaka okusaba kwe kwe kwabikkako.

Omuloopi wa baganda baffe

Mu bifo bingi McGaw bye yawandiika, ekimu kyeyawula ng’ekisinga okwesigika era ekisinga okunoonyereza omutima, era tekyesigama ku buwanguzi wabula ku kunenyezebwa Hyde kwe yakkiriza nti yakufuna okuva eri Katonda yennyini. Yali asabira okuzuukuka mu bulamu bw’omusumba Omuyindi okukkiriza kwe kwali kunnyogoze, era n’atandika, nga ffenna bwe tutandika, ng’abuulira Katonda ensobi z’omusajja oyo: “Ai Kitange, omanyi bw’ali omunnyogovu —” n’atasobola kweyongerayo. Yawulira, bwe yagamba, olugalo nga luteekebwa ku mimwa gye, n’awulira ebigambo nti, Amukwatako, aba akutte ku mmunye ya liiso lyange. Hyde n’akoma. Ekyamuvaamu oluvannyuma tekwali kuloopa wabula kwenenya.

Nsonyiwa, Kitange, kubanga mbadde muloopi wa baganda bange mu maaso go!

— John Hyde, mu Praying Hyde (1923)

Okuva mu kaseera ako, nga ebyafaayo bwe bigamba, yasobola kutendereza bwesirisi omusajja gwe yali azze okunenya. Kino kiri mu bifo bya McGaw ebisinga okwesigika, era mu bisinga okugasa, kubanga kikontana n’okusinza abazira. Omwegayirizi omukulu akwatibwa mu kibi ekisinga obukadde eky’omuntu asaba — okuvuma muganda we mu maaso ga Katonda — n’ayimirizibwa, n’akyusibwa. Lugero ka lufuule Hyde ki kirala kyonna, ekifo kino kiraga omusajja ng’aluŋŋamizibwa, so si musajja ng’asiimibwa.

Omubiri ogwakoowa

Ebiro n’omugugu byalumya obulamu bwe, era wano okunyumya okw’amazima kwetaaga okwegendereza okusinga awalala wonna, kubanga wano wennyini okwewaayo we kusinze okuyitamu obujulizi. Olugero olwakwasibwa abaddirira lwe luno: omusawo eyakebera Hyde yasanga omutima gwe nga guvudde ku ludda olwa kkono mu kifuba ne gugenda ku ludda olwa ddyo, era nga guli mu mbeera embi okusinga gye yali alabye, n’amuwa emyezi mitono gyokka okubeera omulamu okuggyako ng’awummudde — omutawaana gw’okusaba, olugero bwe lugamba, gwali gukyusizza omutima gwe mu kifo kyagwo.

Kifaananyi ekikwata ku mutima, era kisaana kukwatibwa n’obwegendereza. Embeera omutima mw’ebeera ku ludda olwa ddyo olw’omubiri erina erinnya ery’obusawo eryangu — dextrocardia — era emirundi mingi nnyo kintu omuntu ky’azaalibwa nakyo. Kisoboka ddala nti ekyo omusawo eyamukebera kye yasanga. Okutegeera nti okusaba kwe kwakyusa omutima omulamu kuba kunnyonnyola kwa kusinza okuteekeddwa ku kintu ekyo, so si kye kyazuulibwa mu by’obusawo. Engeri entuufu ey’okukikwata kwe kunyumya olugero nga mikwano gya Hyde bwe baalunyumya, n’okuleka ekyamagero nga tekyogeddwako nti kyabaawo.

Hyde yali yaddayo dda e Amerika omulundi gumu, mu luwummula, n’atuuka e New York mu Maayi 1901 n’asaabala okuddayo e Buyindi mu Sebutemba 1902. Yava e Buyindi omulundi ogusembayo mu Maaki 1911. Okumala ekiseera yatambula mu Bungereza, ng’akolagana mu mulimu gw’okubuulira enjiri ogwa J. Wilbur Chapman. Bwe yaddayo mu Amerika abasawo baazuula ekyali kimutta ddala — ekizimba ekibi mu bwongo.

Northampton, 1912

Wano omusomi abanja obwesigwa obulala obutono, kubanga ebitabo by’okusinza ebimanyiddwa ennyo emirundi mingi bisobya enkomerero. Bijja kukugamba nti Hyde yafa nga lumu Febwali e Clifton Springs. Si bwe kyali. Yafa nga 17 Febwali 1912, mu maka ga mwannyina Mrs. Mensel e Northampton, Massachusetts, ng’alina emyaka amakumi ana mu mukaaga, era n’aziikibwa e Carthage, Illinois, okumpi n’ettendekero gye yatandikira. Olunaku n’ekifo ebikyamu bikoppeddwa okuva mu kitabo okudda mu kirala okumala ekyasa kiramba; ebituufu bisaana okuddamu okwogerwa mu ngeri ennyangu olw’okuba nti bya mazima.

Ebigambo ebisembayo ebimuweebwa tebyali mu Lungereza wabula mu lulimi lw’abantu be yali awaddeyo obulamu bwe. Ebigambo eby’okumujjukira munne bye yawandiika mu ttoggo eryo bigamba bugambi nti ebigambo bye ebisembayo byayogerwa mu Lupunjabi, era nti akaseera katono emabegako yagamba mwannyina nti, “Buwanguzi bwokka, buwanguzi, buwanguzi.” Ebigambo byennyini bituuse gye tuli okuyita mu W. B. Anderson, nga McGaw bwe yabiwandiika: Bol, Yisu Masih, ki jai! — “Leekaana obuwanguzi bwa Yesu Kristo!” Engeri gye biwandiikibwamu mu nnukuta ez’Olulattini ekyukakyuka okusinziira ku nsibuko; amakulu gaabyo tegakyuka. Omusajja eyali amaze amaanyi ge ng’asaba Katonda emmeeme z’e Punjab yafa ng’alina ku mimwa gye okuleekaana kw’obuwanguzi mu Lupunjabi.

Bol, Yisu Masih, ki jai! — Leekaana obuwanguzi bwa Yesu Kristo!

— ebigambo ebisembayo ebijjukirwa ebya John Hyde, nga W. B. Anderson bwe yabibuulira Francis McGaw

By’alese

John Hyde teyawandiika kitabo kinene; ekitabo ekirina erinnya lye kyamuwandiikibwako, omusajja omulala, ng’amaze okugenda. Kumpi teyaleka kintu kyonna mu mukono gwe ye. Mu kifo ky’ekyo yaleka ekyokulabirako — omuminsani eyali aweddemu amaanyi era nga tawulira bulungi, eyasanga ebibala bitono mu maaso g’abantu, n’agenda emabega waabwe n’alindirira Katonda, n’Ekibiina ky’Okusaba ekitono ekyalina etteeka ly’ekitundu ky’essaawa buli muntu lye yali asobola okukuuma. Kitaawe yasabira abakozi; omwana yafuuka omu ku bo, n’asabira amakungula gennyini.

Olugero olumwetoolodde lusaana kusomebwa nga bwe luli: ennono ey’okusinza, eyasibuka mu kitabo kimu ekya 1923 ne mu bijjukizo bye kyakuŋŋaanya, oluusi eyayogedde ebisingawo ku ebyo ebisobola okukakasibwa. Naye ennono bw’ogiggyako n’osigaza ebyo ebiwandiiko bye bisobola okuwagira, omusajja ow’amazima akyayimiridde awo — oyo eyasaba emmeeme emu buli lunaku n’alaba ebyalo bye yasabira nga bijja okubatizibwa mu bikumi, eyayimirizibwa wakati mu kusaba ng’aloopa muganda we n’akyuka n’atendereza mu kifo ky’ekyo, era eyafiira wala ne Punjab ng’akyaleekaana obuwanguzi bw’Omulokozi waayo mu lulimi lwayo. Ekyo kimala. Kyabanga kimala bulijjo.