Ebyafaayo bya Charles G. Finney

Charles Grandison Finney yatuuka ku Njiri ng'akedde, era ng'ayita mu kkubo eritaali lya bulijjo. Yazaalibwa mu Warren, Connecticut, mu 1792, nga ye musembayo mu baana mwenda, era yakulira ku nsalo empya ey'omu bukiikakkono bwa New York, ewala n'amakanisa agaali gasimbiddwawo dda. Teyayingira ttendekero lya waggulu. Nga muwanvu, alabika bulungi, era nga yeesiga nnyo yekka, mu kifo ky'ekyo yayiga omulimu gw'okuba omuwolereza w'amateeka, ng'asomera amateeka mu kibuga Adams, era yali asuubira okumaliriza obulamu bwe mu kkooti. Eddiini yagirabanga n'obunnyogovu — ekintu enkuŋŋaana z'okusaba ezaali zimwetoolodde kye zaali zisaba obutakoowa naye nga tezikifuna.

Naye amateeka gaamuzzangayo bulijjo eri Baibuli. Ebitabo bya Blackstone byajulizanga Ebyawandiikibwa; Finney gye yeeyongeranga okusoma okutegeera ekimu, n'ekirala gye kyeyongeranga okumunyigiriza. Mu ttoggo ery'omwaka 1821 okunyigirizibwa kwayitirira okugumiikirizika, okutuusa ku makya agamu bwe yakyama n'ayingira mu kibira mu bukiikakkono bw'ekyalo, ng'amaliridde obutavaayo okutuusa ng'amalirizza ensonga eyo ne Katonda. Eyo, ng'ali yekka wakati mu miti, omutima gwe ogw'amalala ogw'omuwolereza w'amateeka ne gumenyeka, era ne yeewaayo eri Kristo.

Akawungeezi ako, ng'akomyewo mu ofiisi y'amateeka enjereere, endagaano eyo ne yeteekebwako akabonero mu ngeri gye yataayinza kwerabira. Bwe yali atudde okumpi n'omuliro, obwa Katonda ne bumubuutikira ng'amayengo agagoberagana, okutuusa lwe yali takyasobola kubugumiikiriza.

Omwoyo Omutukuvu yanzikako mu ngeri eyalabika ng'ampitamu, omubiri n'emmeeme… kyalabika ng'ekijja mu mayengo n'amayengo ag'okwagala okukulukuta.

— Charles Finney, Memoirs

"Nagamba nti, 'Nzija kufa amayengo gano bwe ganaayongera okumpitako,'" bwe yawandiika; "naye nga sirina kutya kufa." Ku makya agaddirira omudiikoni yajja okumujjukiza omusango ogwali mu kkooti. "Nnina okukwatibwa okuva eri Mukama waffe Yesu Kristo okuwolereza omusango gwe," Finney bwe yaddamu, "era siyinza kuwolereza gugwo." Ekkooti yali emufiiriddwa emirembe gyonna.

Omuwolereza w'amateeka eyafuuka omuvvangeri

Yasoma eby'obwakatonda wansi w'omusumba w'ekitundu, n'aweebwa olukusa okubuulira presbytery mu 1823–24, era n'awasa Lydia Root Andrews omwaka ogwaddirira. Awo n'afuluma n'agenda mu kitundu ekiyitibwa "burned-over district" — olukugiro olw'omu bukiikakkono bwa New York olwali lwokeddwa nnyo enkuŋŋaana z'okuzuukusa ezaddiriŋŋana ne kiba nti abaalaba baalowooza nti tewali muliro gwandiddamu okukwata eyo. Wansi wa Finney ne gukwata nga bwe gutakwatanga. Mu Evans' Mills, Antwerp, Utica, Troy, ne ku nkomerero mu kuzuukuka okukulu okwa Rochester okwa 1830–31, ebibuga byakyusibwa okuva mu ntobo. Yabuuliranga awatali biwandiiko, n'awakana ng'omuwolereza gwe yali abadde, n'atunuulira abasajja n'amaaso ge, era n'anoonya okusalawo mu kiseera ekyo kyennyini.

Okuzuukuka kwa Rochester okw'obutiti bwa 1830–31 kwe kwali engule ya byonna. Okumala emyezi mukaaga Finney yabuulira kumpi buli lunaku eri abantu abakulu ab'ekibuga ekyali kigaggawala ku mugga ogusimibwa — abawolereza b'amateeka, abasuubuzi, n'ab'omu maka gaabwe — era empisa z'ekibuga kyonna ne zikyuka. Amaduuka g'omwenge ne gaggalwa, enkaayana ne zitereezebwa, era okuzuukuka ne kubuna nga kugoberera Erie Canal okuyingira ekibuga oluvannyuma lw'ekirala. Ab'omu kiseera ekyo baabala abaakyuka mu bikumi mu kibuga ekyo era baakkiriza nti okusaasaana kwakwatako obukumi bw'abantu mu kitundu kyonna. Ekyo kyafuula Finney omuzuukusa asinga okwatiikirira mu Amerika era ne kissaawo ekyokulabirako abalala kye baagoberera okumala ekyasa kyonna.

Yali akakasa nti okuzuukuka si kyamagero ekirindirirwa obutakolako kintu, wabula libala ery'engeri eza bulijjo bwe zikozesebwa obulungi — era nti abantu aba bulijjo, nga bakwatiddwa omusango olw'ekibi, kibagwanira okusalawo.

Okuzuukuka tekiri kirala wabula ntandikwa mpya ey'okugondera Katonda.

— Charles Finney, Lectures on Revivals of Religion

Okuleeta abantu ku ntandikwa eyo yatandikawo ebyo abanenya bye baayita "new measures" (engeri empya): enkuŋŋaana ez'ekiro ezaawanvuyanga ennaku n'ennaku, okubuulira okw'olwatu okutaategekebwa, okuyita amannya g'abantu mu lwatu mu kusaba, abakazi okusaba mu nkuŋŋaana omuli abasajja n'abakazi, ne katebe akayitibwa "anxious seat" — akatebe ak'omu maaso abo abaali bazuukusiddwa we baatuulanga mu lwatu, nga tebakyasobola kwekweka. Ebyo kaakano bya bulijjo; mu myaka gya 1820 byeewuunyisa nnyo abakulembeze b'amakanisa agaali gasimbiddwawo dda.

Abasajja abaamusabira

Finney teyakkirizanga nti amaanyi gaali mu ngeri ezo, wadde mu kubuulira kwe ye. Emirundi n'emirundi yagakomyawo ku kwegayiririra abalala okwakolebwanga mu kyama. Abasajja babiri ab'enjawulo baamusookera mu muliro nga bali ku maviivi.

Finney yayita Nash omu ku basajja abo abaalina "Omwoyo ow'amaanyi ogw'okusaba okuwangula," era yalowooza nti okuzuukuka kwalinnyanga ne kukka wamu n'omulimu guno ogutalabika. Yalowooza nti tekyali kya kwesittala nti Nash bwe yafiira ku maviivi ge ku nkomerero ya 1831, omulimu gwa Finney ogw'okutambulatambula mu byalo nagwo ne gutera okukoma. Omubuulizi eyalabikanga bulijjo yali asitulwa abasabi abataalabikanga.

Ekkolero eryayimirira olwa Katonda

Ekintu kimu, ekyanyumizibwa mu Memoirs ge ye, kiraga engeri yonna — abeegayiririra abalala nga bakolera mu kyama, n'omusango ogwagwa awatali kubuulira. Ng'atambula ku makya agamu mu kkolero lya ppamba erya Mr. Wolcott okumpi ne Whitesboro, Finney yayita ku muwala eyali ku kyuma ng'amutunuulira era ng'awuguma, ekitundu ng'aduula, eri munne.

Omuliro n'obukyayi

Amaanyi ag'engeri eyo gaaleeta abalabe nga bwe gaaleeta abaakyuka. Amaanyi g'enneewulira ag'ezo "new measures" — n'okubuulira kwa Finney okw'olwatu, "okunenya," — kyatiisa abakulembeze b'eddiini mu New England. Omuzuukusa omukadde Asahel Nettleton n'omusumba wa Boston ow'amaanyi Lyman Beecher ne beeteekawo okumuwakanya, era mu 1827 enjuyi zombi ne zisisinkana amaaso n'amaaso mu New Lebanon Convention okumaliriza ensonga eyo. Beecher, ng'ebyanyumizibwa oluvannyuma bwe bigamba, yamulabula obutasembera:

Nzija kukusisinkana ku nsalo y'essaza, era mpite abalwanyi b'amasasi bonna, ne tulwana buli kitundu ky'ekkubo okutuuka e Boston.

— Lyman Beecher, nga bwe kijjukirwa

Olukuŋŋaana olwo terwamalirawo kintu, era okunenya kwongera bwongezi obukambwe emyaka bwe gyayitanga. Abayivu b'eby'obwakatonda aba Old School baawaayiriza nti Finney okussa essira ku busobozi bw'omuntu ne ku kwagala kw'omwonoonyi — ekyagenda ne kinnyonnyolwa oluvannyuma mu Systematic Theology ye — kwali kuwaanyisizza ekisa kya Katonda eky'obwakabaka n'akiwa bukodyo bwereere, ne kifuula okuzuukuka ekintu abantu kye basobola okwekolera. Yabeera wansi w'okuvunaanibwa okwo ebbanga lyonna ery'obulamu bwe obwasigalawo. Mu ngeri yonna gy'oyinza okumugerageranyaamu, yali musajja aleeta empaka; naye obukumi bw'abantu baabalira okugondera kwabwe okupya eri Katonda okuva ku kiro lwe baamuwuliriza.

Oberlin, n'omulimu omuwanvu

Okuva mu 1832 yali musumba mu New York City — okusooka mu Chatham Street Chapel, oluvannyuma mu Broadway Tabernacle eyamuzimbirwa mu 1836 — gye yagaana abalina abaddu okusemberera Emmeeza ya Mukama, kubanga Enjiri ye yali emufudde omulwanyi ow'amaanyi ow'okumalawo obuddu. Mu 1835 yeegatta ku ttendekero eppya Oberlin Collegiate Institute mu Ohio, ekifo eky'okulwanyisa obuddu era eky'okusomesa abasajja n'abakazi wamu, ng'asomesa eby'obwakatonda era ku nkomerero n'aba pulezidenti w'ettendekero okuva mu 1851 okutuuka mu 1866. Mu mwaka gwe gumu ogwo, 1835, Lectures on Revivals of Religion ge ne gafuluma era ne gabuna ensi yonna, ne gakola engeri kkanisa eyogera Olungereza gye yandirowoozeeko era gye yandisabidde ku by'okuzuukuka okumala emirembe mingi.

Okuzuukuka tekwakoma ku mulyango gwa kkanisa. Finney yayigiriza nti omutima ogukyuse gulina okweraga mu bulamu obulongoosebbwa ne mu bantu abalongoosebbwa, era okuzuukuka kwe yakulembera kwafuka amaanyi mu ntambula ennene ez'enkyukakyuka ez'omulembe ogwo — okusinga byonna, olutalo ku buddu, naye era n'okuziyiza omwenge, okusoma, n'okuggulawo Oberlin eri abakazi n'eri abayizi Abaddugavu. Bangi ku abo abaasinga obumalirivu mu kulwanyisa obuddu mu mulembe ogwo baabalira obunyiikivu bwabwe okuva ku nkuŋŋaana ya Finney. Gy'ali kino tekyali kya kumuggya ku Njiri; kyali kibala kya Njiri, okugondera okutuukirizibwa mu kifo we kwabaggyako ekintu.

Yabuulira n'ayigiriza okutuusa kumpi ku nkomerero, era n'afiira mu Oberlin nga August 16, 1875, ng'alina emyaka kinaana mu ebiri. Yaleka enyuma okusalawo okwawukanamu n'okwagala okutaawukanamu: nti tewali mmeeme yeetaaga kulinda, nti omulimu gwa Katonda gukolebwa ng'ayita mu bantu abasaba, era nti okuzuukuka kutandika mu kaseera omutima we gukyukira, okuva mu mutima, okugondera. "Eddiini," bwe yanyweza, "kye kintu omuntu ky'alina okukola" — era ng'amaze okukikola ye yennyini mu kibira ku makya ag'omu ttoggo, yamala emyaka ataano ng'ayita abalala okukola bwe batyo.